WURZBi'KG WYAT. 



former bishopric of Wiirzburg was founded as early 

 as 741, when Burchard was appointed the first 

 bishop, by St Boniface, and the Prankish kings en. 

 dowed the church with some lands which were sub- 

 sequently much increased by grants from the em- 

 perors, and other acquisitions made by the bishops, 

 until the principality of Wiirzburg was formed. A 

 duke of Saxony, Sigismond, having been elected 

 bishop of Wiirzburg, in 1440, his successors bore 

 the title of dukes of Franconia. The archbishop 

 of Mayence was the spiritual superior of the bishop 

 of N\ iirzburg, even after the grant of the archiepis- 

 copal dignity, in 1752, to the latter, whose title 

 was prince of the holy Roman empire, bishop of 

 Wiirzburg, and duke of Franconia. The bishopric 

 comprised 1840 square miles, with 250,000 inhabi- 

 tants ; and the annual income of the bishop amounted 

 to 500,000 guilders. By the articles of the peace of 

 Luneville the bishopric of Wiirzburg, with the 

 other " immediate " ecclesiastical possessions in 

 Germany, were given to Bavaria as an indemnity 

 for her lost provinces on the Rhine, with the excep- 

 tion of a few districts, amounting to 318 square 

 miles, and containing 37,000 inhabitants, given to 

 other princes. The last prince-bishop was com- 

 pensated for the loss of Wiirzburg by an annual 

 pension of 60,000 guilders, besides receiving 30,000 

 guilders as coadjutor of the prince-bishop of Bam- 

 berg. By the peace of Presburg, concluded Dec. 

 26, 1805, Wiirzburg was given to the former grand- 

 duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand, who ceded the duchy 

 of Salzburg, which he had received in 1803, with 

 the dignity of elector to Austria ; and the electo- 

 ral title passed over to Wiirzburg. Bavaria was 

 compensated for the loss. September 30, 1806, 

 the new elector joined the confederation of the 

 Rhine (see that article), ana assumed the title of 

 grand-duke of Wiirzburg. The events of 1817, 

 and the arrangement of the congress of Vienna, 

 made new changes. The grand-duke received back 

 his hereditary state of Tuscany, and Wiirzburg was 

 restored to Bavaria. The grand-duchy of Wiirz- 

 burg forming, at present, a part of the Bavarian 

 circle of the Lower Maine, contains 1900 square 

 miles, with 290,000 inhabitants, mostly Catholics. 

 The country is level, but surrounded on three 

 sides by chains of mountains. The Maine passes 

 through a great part of it. The soil is very fertile, 

 and produces much grain : the vine is particularly 

 cultivated on the hills on the valley of the Maine. 

 The best sorts of wine made are the Stein wine 

 and the Leisten wine, which are produced only in 

 the neighbourhood of the capital, and bring consi- 

 derable sums into the country, which is not rich in 

 minerals, and has few manufactures. Wiirzburg, 

 the fortified capital of the grand-duchy, with 1970 

 houses, and 21,800 inhabitants (Ion. 9 55' E., lat. 

 49 46' N.), has a fine situation, occupying both 

 banks of the Maine, over which there is a bridge 

 540 feet long. Among the public buildings is the 

 palace of the former prince-bishops, built in 1720, 

 with a beautiful garden ; at present generally occu- 

 pied by the queen dowager of Bavaria. The ex- 

 tensive and rich Julius hospital, conducted in an 

 excellent manner, with which is connected a lying-in 

 hospital, a botanical garden, an anatomical theatre, 

 and various collections, is well known. Among the 

 churches are the large cathedral, said to have been 

 founded by bishop Burchard, in the eighth century, 

 but entirely rebuilt in 1042 ; the elegant new min- 

 ster ; the university church, with an observatory 

 on the tower; &c. Wiirzburg contains many other 



fine buildings, public and private. It has a gym- 

 naMum, a central school of industry, a school for 

 midwives, a swimming school, an institution for 

 the blind, several seminaries, the orthopaedic Caro- 

 line institute, a veterinary school, and a university, 

 of which we shall speak below. It has also manu- 

 factures of woollen cloths, looking-glasses, leather, 

 colours, glauber salt, tobacco, &c. The navigation 

 on the Maine is considerable. Without the city is 

 the citadel of Marienberg, on a hill 400 feet high. 

 From a part of this height, called the Leiste (List), 

 comes the famous Leisten wine, and from the Stein- 

 berg (stone-mountain), also near the city, comes 

 the Stein wine. The whole space occupied by the 

 vineyards around the city is 7000 acres. Not far 

 from here, in the former convent of the Cister- 

 cians, is the manufactory of power printing-presses, 

 by Messrs Konig and Bauer, who invented the 

 steam-press in London an old convent ha* becimm- 

 verted into a manufactory of power presses! The 

 university of Wiirzburg was founded by the fifty- 

 fifth bishop, in the year 1403, on the model of that 

 of Bologna ; but it soon sunk into decay. In 1582, 

 it was re-established by a bishop Julius, who is 

 justly considered the true founder. After him the 

 university is called Julia. Medicine has always flou- 

 rished in this institution, and mainly contributed to 

 its reputation, whilst theology and philosophy were 

 exclusively in the hands of Jesuits, until the aboli- 

 tion of the order. Many distinguished scholars 

 have been professors here ; and when Wiirzburg was 

 ceded to Bavaria, the government of that country 

 invited many eminent men to fill its chairs. It 

 also established a Protestant theological faculty. 

 But the changes which we have mentioned at the 

 beginning of this article, were highly injurious tc 

 the institution, and, in 1809, it was reorganized 

 according to the views of the Catholic clergy, 

 who had remained far behind the spirit of the time. 

 But when Wiirzburg was reunited with Bavaria, a 

 new life was given to this institution. In 1818, 

 Bavaria received a constitution ; and the university 

 has distinguished itself by the cultivation of consti- 

 tutional law, which, however, has found no favour 

 with government. Since 1814, the number of 

 students has been generally from 650 to 700 ; some- 

 times more. The foreign students, about 150 in 

 number, are mostly connected with the medical 

 faculty. In 1821, a professorship of French law 

 was established for the Bavarian subjects of the 

 circle of the Rhine. There is a faculty for teach- 

 ing political economy. The library contains above 

 100,000 volumes. Gustavus Adolphus carried the 

 whole library which he found there to Sweden. 

 We should also mention the musical institute, in 

 which instruction is given gratis in singing and 

 playing. The school-masters of Bavaria are here 

 instructed in music. The Bavarian government 

 seems to patronise the new university of Munich 

 somewhat at the expense of Wiirzburg. 



WYAT, SIR THOMAS, a distinguished courtier 

 of the age of Henry VIII., son of Sir Henry Wyat, 

 master of the jewel office, was born in 1503, at 

 Allington castle, in the county of Kent, the seat 

 of the family. He commenced his academical edu- 

 cation at Cambridge, which he completed at Ox- 

 ford, and, on quitting the university, went on his 

 travels to the continent. On his return to Eng- 

 land, he appeared at court, where the reputation 

 he had already acquired as a wit and a poet, intro- 

 duced him to the notice of Henry, who knighted 

 him, and retained him about his person. In the 



