146 



YORKE-YORKSHIRE. 



Danigkow, April 5, 1813, over the army of the 

 viceroy of Italy. General York was engaged 

 ir. the battles of Liitzen and Bautzen and dis- 

 tinguished himself on the day before the latter 

 action, at Weissig, by an obstinate resistance to the 

 forces under Sebastian!, five times more numerous 

 than his own. After the armistice concluded in 

 that memorable year, his troops formed the first 

 corps of the Prussian army, nnd, being united with 

 the Silesian army under Bliicher, shared in tin- 

 victory on the Katzbach, August 26. October 

 3, he gained a victory over Bertram!, near War- 

 tenburg, in consequence of which the Silesian 

 corps was enabled to cross over to the left bank 

 of the Elbe. From this achievement he received 

 the title count York von Wartenburg. In the 

 battle of Leipsic, he defeated Marmont at Mockern, 

 Oct. 16. He fought at Montmirail, Feb. 11, 1814. 

 General Sacken had too hastily risked an engage- 

 ment with Napoleon, which was likely to result in 

 his destruction, when general York appeared, and 

 enabled Sacken to escape, though with great loss. 

 In the battle of Laon, March 9, he did great ser- 

 vice, volunteering, with general Kleist, to conduct 

 a nocturnal attack, which destroyed the corps of 

 Marmont and Arrighi, and gave a decisive turn to 

 the battle. After the peace, he received a con- 

 siderable grant, and was made commanding general 

 in Silesia and the grand-duchy of Posen. His son 

 was wounded several times in tbe cavalry action 

 near Versailles, July 1, 1815, and died a few days 

 after a circumstance which affected general York 

 so much as to induce him to retire from service. 

 May 5, 1821, he was made field-marshal-general. 

 He died Oct. 4, 1830. 



YORKE, PHILIP, first earl of Hardwicke, and 

 lord high chancellor of England, was born in 1690, 

 at Dover, in the county of Kent, where his father 

 practised as an attorney, and brought up his son to 

 the higher branch of his own profession. He was 

 placed in the Middle Temple, and, being called to 

 the bar in 1714, soon rose to great eminence as a 

 counsel. In six years' time, the interest of lord 

 chancellor Parker procured him the office of solici- 

 tor-general, in which capacity he displayed great 

 professional knowledge and eloquence, as well as 

 unbending integrity. Four years after, he was 

 made attorney-general, and, on the resignation of 

 lord King, in 1733, was made lord chief justice of 

 the king's bench, with the barony of Hardwicke. 

 On the decease of lord chancellor Talbot, in 1737, 

 lord Hardwicke was elevated to the woolsack, and, 

 during the long course of twenty years in which he 

 presided in the equity courts, acquitted himself with 

 so much ability, judgment and integrity, that only 

 three of his decisions were ever called in question; 

 and even all of these were, on appeal, confirmed by 

 the upper house. In 1754, a patent was issued 

 from the crown, advancing him to the rank of an 

 earl ; two years after which he resigned the seals, 

 and retired from public life. Lord Hardwicke died 

 in 1764. He was the author of a paper in the 

 Spectator. His early professional work is an equity 

 treatise, entitled the Legal Judicature ia Chancery 

 stated. 



YORKINOS. See Guerrero. 



YORKSHIRE; the largest county in England, 

 is bounded on the north by Westmorland and Dur- 

 ham, on the east by the German ocean, on the 

 south by the river Humber and the counties of 

 Lincoln, Nottingham, Derby, and Chester ; and on 

 the west by Lancashire and Westmorland. From | 



the latter counties it is chiefly separated by hill* 

 and moorlands, which have been termed the Eng- 

 lish Apennines, and its northern border line is 

 formed throughout by the river Tees. Its extreme 

 length from east to west is 96 miles, its utmost 

 breadth from north to south, 86, and its circumfer- 

 ence above 380. Yorkshire is divided into three 

 districts, named, from their relative situations, the 

 North, West, and East Ridings. 



The North Riding includes all that part of the 

 county extending from the shore of the German 

 ocean to the border of Westmorland, and separated 

 on tile-south from the East Riding by the rivers 

 Hartford and Derwent, by the Ouse, from the Ain- 

 stey of York, and partly by the latter river and by 

 the Ure from the West Riding, the remainder of the 

 boundary-line being imaginary. The sea-coast oft hi 

 Riding, from Scarborough nearly to the mouth of the 

 Tees, is bold and rocky, the cliffs rising fiom sixty to 

 150 feet, and at Stoupe Brow, about seven miles 

 south of Whitby, the height is not less than 8'Ji ' 

 The surface generally rises rapidly, from the shore 

 towards the interior, to about the height of 400 

 feet, at which level is a considerable extent of fer- 

 tile soil. Further inland the hills become loftier, 

 till they reach the elevated tract called the Eastern 

 Moorlands, which, however, are intersected by- 

 several fine and fertile vales. Near the borders of 

 this district some of the heights command noble and 

 extensive prospects, and here is the mountain called 

 Roseberry Topping, a noted landmark, 1020 feet 

 high. North-westward of these mountains is the 

 vale of Cleveland, a fertile district, bounded on f lie 

 north by the river Tees. Part of the extensive 

 vale of York is comprised within the North Riding, 

 lying between the Eastern and Western Moorlands. 

 The latter are of much greater elevation and of a 

 bolder character than the former, but intersected 

 by a multitude of fertile vales, watered by nume- 

 rous streams. 



The West Riding, which is by much tbe largest 

 of the three, includes all the southern part of the 

 county eastward of the river Ouse, by which it is 

 divided from the East Riding. It exhibits consider- 

 able diversity of surface, but consists principally of 

 three districts. That part which is included within 

 the vale of York is level and marshy, except in a 

 few places where there are low sandhills. The 

 more central parts of this Riding consist of gentle 

 eminences, exhibiting much fine scenery. The 

 western and north-western parts are rugged and 

 mountainous, here being some of the loftiest moun- 

 tains of South Britain, particulaily Ingleborough 

 and Wharnside. Interspersed among these heights 

 are several picturesque and beautiful valleys, the 

 most extensive of which are those of Wharfedale, 

 Nidderdale, and the vale of tbe Aire. In the north- 

 west part of the Riding is the district of Craven, 

 where are several small lakes, one of which, called 

 Malham Water, is situated on a lofty moor. 



The East Riding, the landward borders of which 

 have been already specified, is bounded on the east 

 by the sea, and on the south by the Humber. This 

 district is not only smaller than the two preceding, 

 but its characteristic features are also less strongly 

 marked. The cential part of the Riding from north 

 to south, called the Wolds, consists of a lofty range 

 of chalk-hills, extending from the banks of the 

 Humber, westward of Hull, to the vicinity of New 

 Malton, on the Derwent, and thence eastward to 

 the German Ocean, where they terminate in the 

 lofty promontory of Flamborough Head. To the 



