YORKTOWN YOUNG. 



baizes, serges, shalloons, camlets, moreens, nnd 

 other articles, in great variety. There are also 

 large factories for making coarse linens and Man- 

 chester cotton goods. Sheffield, from an early 

 period, has been noted for cutlery und hardware, 

 besides which it has now iron and brass founderies. 

 Among the Other manufactures of Yorkshire may l>e 

 mentioned pottery, bricks, and tiles, hair-cloth, 

 tanned leather, ropes, and sail-cloth. Hull, in this 

 county, is one of the most important of our seaports, 

 und the county also contains the ports of Whitby, 

 Scarborough, Bridlington, and Goole. The West 

 Hiding is intersected by several canals, for the con- 

 venience of commercial intercourse with other 

 parts of the kingdom, and with the sea. Off the 

 coast are found abundance of fish of various kinds, 

 the taking of which furnishes employment for an 

 industrious and hardy race of fishermen, inhabitants 

 of sea-side villages, who often pursue their prey to 

 great distances, and furnish extensive supplies of pro- 

 visions for the country. Some of the ports, espe- 

 cially Hull and Whitby, share to a great extent in the 

 Greenland fishery and the commerce of the Baltic. 



Yorkshire contains the city of York, and the 

 boroughs of Northallerton, Beverley, Borough- 

 bridge, Aldborough, Hedon, Kingston-upon-Hull, 

 Knaresborough, New Malton, Pontefract, Rich- 

 mond, Ripon, Scarborough, and Thirsk. The mar- 

 ket-towns in Yorkshire are Abberford, Askrigg, 

 Barnsley, Bawtry, Bedale, Bingley, Bradford, Brid- 

 lington, Dewsbury, Doncaster (formerly a borough), 

 Great Driffield, Easingwold, Gisburn, Goole, Guis- 

 borough, Halifax, Harewood, Hawes, Helmsley, 

 Howden, Huddersfield, Keighley, Kirkby Moorside, 

 Leeds, Leyburn, Mashiim, Otley, Pateley Bridge, 

 Patrington, Penistone, Pickering, Pocklington, 

 Reeth, Ripley, Rotherham.Sedbergh, Selby, Settle, 

 Sheffield, Sherburn, Skipton, Snaith, South Cave, 

 Stokesley, Tadcaster, Thorne, Wakefield, Market 

 Weighton, Wetherby, Whitby, and Yarm ; besides 

 which may be mentioned, Cawood, Cottingham, 

 Hornsea, Middleham, and Tickhill, the markets of 

 which are discontinued or inconsiderable. The 

 whole of this county is within the diocese of York, 

 except a part of the North Riding, which belongs 

 to that of Chester. It consists of three archdea- 

 conries in the former diocese, namely, that of York 

 or the West Riding, that of the East Riding, and 

 that of Cleveland ; that part of the county which 

 belongs to Chester is in the archdeaconry of Rich- 

 mond. Population of the county in 1801, 887,000 ; 

 in 1811, 1,019,200; in 1821, 1,173,187; in 1831, 

 1,371,296; in 1841, 1,591,480. 



YORKTOWN; a post-town, port of entry, and 

 capital of York county, Virginia, on the south side 

 of York river, twenty-nine miles north-west of 

 Norfolk. York river affords, at this town, the best 

 harbour in Virginia ; but it has not become a place 

 of large population or extensive trade. Yorktown 

 is famous for the capture of lord Cornwallis and his 

 army by the Americans under general Washington, 

 October 19, 1781. The whole number of the pri- 

 soners amounted to 7107. This was the last con- 

 siderable battle in the revolutionary war, and was 

 the immediate cause of the conclusion of the Ame- 

 rican contest for independence. 



YOUGHAL; a town of Ireland, in the county 

 of Cork, situated on the estuary of the Black- water, 

 154 miles south-west from Dublin. The harbour 

 is deep .within, but obstructed at the entrance by a 

 bar, denying admission to large ships, which, to- 

 gether with the great superiority of Cork harbour, 



reduce the traffic of this port to a mere coasting 

 trade. Large quantities of grain are shipped here, 

 at a very inconvenient quay, and Cork is supplied 

 with good building-bricks from this vicinity. The 

 convenience of its situation for bathing, and the 

 agreeable character of the strand, have rendered this 

 a place of fashionable resort in the summer-season. 

 Population of the town in 1841, !W39. 



YOUNG, ARTHUR, a distinguished agricultural 

 writer, was the son of Arthur Young, a prebendary 

 of Canterbury, and horn in 1741. He served his 

 apprenticeship to a wine merchant ; but on enter- 

 ing into the possession of his paternal e>t:itc, near 

 Bury St Edmunds, he became a farmer, and impo- 

 verished himself by experiments. After several 

 unsuccessful attempts to conduct a farm, he deter- 

 mined to examine the mode of cultivation pursued 

 in different parts of England. In 1770, he pub- 

 lished the Farmer's Calendar, containing the Busi- 

 ness necessary to be performed on the various Kinds 

 of Farms during every Month in the Year (8th ed., 

 4 vols., 8yo., 1812), and, in 1784, began the publi- 

 cation of his Annals of Agriculture (40th vol., in 

 1804) a work which had the most important in- 

 fluence upon the art of agriculture in England, and 

 of which a considerable portion was translated into 

 French, under the auspices of the government. In 

 1789, he was appointed secretary of the newly 

 erected board of sgriculture, with a salary of 600 

 a-year. Young not only visited and examined, with 

 great attention, the different counties of England 

 and Ireland, but also made several tours on the 

 continent, for the purpose of becoming acquaint* d 

 with the agricultural processes in different coun- 

 tries. He became blind some years before his death 

 which happened on the 20th Feb., 1820. Of his 

 numerous works, we can mention only the prin- 

 cipal: Farmer's Letters to the people of England 

 (1767), second volume under the title of Letters 

 to the Landlords of Great Britain (1771) ; a Six 

 Weeks' Tour through the Southern Counties (1768, 

 2d ed., enlarged, 1769) ; a Six Months' Tour 

 through the North of England (1770, 4 vols.) ; the 

 Farmer's Tour through the East of England (4 vols. 

 1770) ; Tour in Ireland (2 vols., 1780) ; Travels 

 in France, Spain, and Italy, 17879 (1791, 2 vols. 

 4to.); Travels during the Years 17871790 

 (1792); Rural Economy (1772); and Farmer's 

 Guide (1770, 2 vols,, 8vo.). 



YOUNG, EDWARD, a distinguished English poet 

 of the last century, was born at his father's living 

 of Upham, in Hampshire, in 1681, or, according to 

 some, two years earlier. He was educated at Win- 

 chester school, and obtained a New college fellow- 

 ship, Which he resigned in 1708, for another at All- 

 Souls, in the same university. Although originally 

 designed for the law, which induced him to gra- 

 duate in that faculty, the predominant bias of his 

 mirrd towards a religious life at length induced him 

 to take orders. His poems orr the Last Day, and 

 the Force of Religion, printed in 1713, strongly 

 manifest this prevailing feeling. At one time he 

 aspired to the representation of thebnrgh of Ciren- 

 cester in parliament ; but, failing irvtnis undertak- 

 ing, he soon after entered the church, and obtained 

 the living of Wei wyn, Hertfordshire, with a king's 

 chaplaincy. In 1741, the death of his wife, to whom 

 he was much attached, appears to have much in- 

 creased the melancholy of a mind originally of a 

 sombre complexion ; and to this event may be as- 

 cribed the production of his principal poem, the 

 Complaint, or Night Thoughts, by which latter 



