ZAMOISKI-ZANOTTI. 



157 



to Constantinople, where he was put into the 

 bagnio. His liberation was finally effected by the 

 interposition of the Spanish ambassador ; and the 

 count made a tour in the Levant and in Africa, and 

 afterwards visited the European capitals. He then 

 returned to his native country, and occupied him- 

 self with the study of aeronautics. He had devised 

 an ingenious contrivance for taking advantage of 

 the different currents of air at different elevations, 

 so as to give what direction he should choose to 

 the balloon. His idea was to cause the balloon to 

 rise or sink at pleasure by increasing or diminishing 

 the quantity of gas, and to guide its course by oars. 

 In 1812, he attempted to carry this project into 

 execution, although the weather was highly un- 

 favourable ; but the balloon, having become en- 

 tangled in a tree, took fire, and the unfortunate 

 aeronaut perished, a victim to his zeal for science. 

 ZAMO1SKI. Among several distinguished men 

 of this name are, 



1. John Zamoiski (in Latin, Satnoscius~), born in 

 1542, the greatest Polish statesman and scholar of 

 his time. He studied at Paris and Padua, became 

 chancellor of the realm and general-in-chief, and 

 died in 1605. It was chiefly through his means 

 that Sigismund III. obtained the Polish crown. 

 He raised an army, partly at his own expense, and 

 defended the frontiers of the republic against the 

 Swedes, Russians and Tartars. -At the same time, 

 he promoted the sciences by inviting foreign scholars 

 into the country, establishing libraries, and found- 

 ing learned institutions. He wrote, among other 

 works, De Senatu Romano (in Graevius's Thes. ant. 

 Horn. 1); De perfecto Senator e. 



2. Andrzey Zamoiski, high chancellor, the dis- 

 tinguished defender of the independence of his 

 country, was early a military officer of signal courage 

 and talent, subsequently a senator and high chan- 

 cellor (1764). He strove to suppress the distur- 

 bances at the election of king Stanislaus Poniatow- 

 sld, and afterwards resigned all his offices, because 

 he could no longer serve his country. In 1776, he 

 accepted the invitation of the diet to prepare a 

 digest of the laws, in which he restored the rights 

 of the third estate (Polish, Warsaw, 1778, 3 vols., 

 fol. ; German, by Nikisch, "Warsaw, 1780). The 

 king approved of this excellent work, but the diet 

 would not accept it. Soon after the great political 

 change in 1791, the count died, in January, 1792. 

 His name was every where held in reverence. He 

 was a philosopher in the true sense of the word, 

 just, wise and benevolent. He gave the first ex- 

 iimple of the abolition of bondage on his estates. 

 His wife, Constantia, a princess Czartoryska, was 

 an uncommonly accomplished and noble woman. 

 She died in 1797. 



ZAMOLXIS, the Getian ; according to some, 

 the slave of Pythagoras and his disciple; but, ac- 

 cording to Herodotus, he belongs to an earlier age 

 (Hist, iv, 94 and 96). He was esteemed in anti- 

 quity as a wise man, and one who conferred great 

 benefits on his people. He is said to have taught 

 them the immortality of the soul (Herodotus iv, 

 93), and to have given them wise laws; on which 

 account divine honours were paid him after his 

 death. 



ZAMORIN. See Calicut. 



ZAMOSC ; the strongest fortress of the king- 

 dom of Poland, in the woiwodeship of Lublin, be- 

 tween this place and Lemberg, in a south-eastern 

 direction from Warsaw, on the river Wieprz ; Ion. 

 23 15' E. ; lat. 50 42' N. In 1809, the Poles 



took it from the Austrians, and, in 1813, the Rus- 

 sians from the French. The place was an entailed 

 estate of the Zamoiski family, and was built in the 

 Italian style, by the famous general and chancellor 

 John Zamoiski (q. v.), after he had defeated the 

 archduke Maximilian of Austria. In 1820, the 

 state bought the town, with the environs, from the 

 senator count Stanislaus Kostka de Zamoiski. 

 Zamosc was now deprived of its extensive suburbs, 

 and changed into a fortress. The coat of arms of 

 the Zamoiski family is still, or at least was till of 

 late, preserved on the walls. The place contains a 

 large palace, several other large buildings, among 

 which is an arsenal, four churches, of which one is 

 Greek, two convents, a theatre, c. Population, 

 exclusive of the garrison, 3500. There is here a 

 gymnasium, a library, and a printing-office, all estab- 

 lished by John Zamoiski, already mentioned. 



ZAMPIERI. See Dominichino. 



ZANESVILLE, a nourishing town and seat of 

 justice for Muskingum county, Ohio, is situated on 

 the east bank of Muskingum river, immediately ad- 

 joining the falls, in lat, 40 N., Ion. 82 W. It 

 contains between 3 and 4000 inhabitants On the 

 falls have been erected several mills, among which 

 are flour and sawmills, a rolling mill, a nail factory, 

 a woollen factory, and a steam paper mill. The 

 town has two glass factories. 



ZANETTI, ANTONIO MARIA, count, a distin- 

 guished connoisseur, who acquired great reputation 

 for his taste and learning, and for his talent for en- 

 graving, was born at Venice, in 1680. At the early 

 age of fourteen, he had already executed several 

 engravings ; and, after finishing his education, he 

 visited the different schools of Italy, and at a later 

 period went to England, for the purpose of examining 

 the collection of the earl of Arundel, the finest spe- 

 cimens of which he copied. He expended his fortune 

 in the collection of a cabinet of antiquities, the value 

 of which may be estimated from the work of Gori 

 upon the gems belonging to it Gemma Antiques Z- 

 netti (Venice, 1758, fol., with 80 plates). Zanetti 

 likewise rediscovered the lost art of chiaro-scuro en- 

 graving, which had been in vented by Carpi. Among 

 the works of Zanetti, the Letters sulla Pittura, 

 Scultura ed Architettura (Rome, 1754, 7 vols., 

 4to.) are important, as illustrative of the history of 

 art. He published several collections of engrav- 

 ings : 1. Antiche Statue Greche e Romane che si 

 trovano in Venezia (fol. ) ; 2. Icones ex Musao suo 

 &c., (fol., with 100 plates, 1743) ; and, 3. Raccolta 

 di varie Stampe a Chiaro-scuro (with seventy-one 

 wood-cuts and thirty other engravings). Zanetti 

 died at Venice in 1766. His nephew Antonio Ma- 

 ria, 'the younger, librarian of St Mark's, in Venice, 

 died in 1778, vvas also the author of several works 

 upon art and antiquities. 



ZANGUEBAR; the name given to a large ter- 

 ritory of Africa, bordering on the Eastern sea, in- 

 cluding the countries of Melinda, Magadoxo, Mon- 

 gala, Jubo, Mozambique, and some others, extend- 

 ing from lat. 2" N. to 21 S. The name is said to 

 import " the coast of the negroes," all the inhabi- 

 tants being blacks, with curled woolly hair. 



ZANNI, ZANNESCHI. See 'Harlequin and 

 Masks. 



ZANOTTI, FRANCESCO MARIA, born in 1692, at 

 Bologna, was the son of a comedian, was educated 

 in the college of the Jesuits, in 1718 was made pro- 

 fessor of philosophy, and librarian, in 1723 secre- 

 tary, and in 1766 president of the university of 

 Bologna. He wrote poetry in Tuscan and Latin 



