ZOOLOGY. 



OKDBH 1 r,>li-..|,!< r i. 

 3. Hi'ini|>t'r;i. 



3. 



4. Neuroptora. 



5 HymenoptiTH. 



?'. Aptera. 



The sixth class, Vermes, is subdivided into five 

 orders. 



ORDER 1. Inti-tina. 



2 Mi.Hii-tM. 



3. I ei-tarca. 



' 4. Zoophyta. 



5. Inl'usiinii. 



The arrangement of Linnaeus, with all its ad- 

 vantages, had its defects. By confining himself too 

 much to one kind of character, he often throws to- 

 gether subjects widely remote in their general ap- 

 pearance and economy ; but he has carried the art 

 it distribution, and the management of characters, 

 to such a degree of clearness and brevity, that any 

 person familiarized to his language may easily find 

 the name and place of any being he wishes to ob- 

 serve. It still remained a desideratum to arrange 

 the facts, of which the science treats, in a series of 

 propositions, so graduated and successively subordi- 

 nate, that the whole might represent the actual re- 

 lations of living beings. For this purpose, it was 

 necessary to group animals according to their dif- 

 ferent properties or organizations, so that those 

 contained in such a group should bear a stronger 

 natural resemblance to each other than to any in- 

 dividual of a different group. This arrangement is 

 termed the natural method, for the formation of 

 which zoology offers great facilities. In the ar- 

 rangement of Cuvier, the completest and most 

 scientific yet presented to the world, the great divi- 

 sion of the animal world rests on the nervous and 

 sensorial, and not on the circulatory and respira- 

 tory, systems. From the study of the physiology 

 of the natural classes of vertebrated animals, Cuvier 

 discovered the respective quantity of respiration, 

 the reason of the quantity or degree of motion, arid, 

 consequently, the peculiar nature of that motion. 

 This last gives rise to the peculiar form of their 

 skeletons and muscles ; and with it, the energy of 

 their sensations, and the force of their digestion, 

 are in a necessary relation. Thus zoological ar- 

 rangement, which had hitherto rested on observa- 

 tion alone, assumed a truly scientific form. Call- 

 ing in the aid of comparative anatomy, it involves 

 propositions applicable to new cases, and thus be- 

 comes a means of discovery as well as a register of 

 facts ; and, by correct reasoning, founded on copi- 

 ous induction, it partakes of the demonstration of 

 mathematics, and the certainty of experimental 

 knowledge. Having examined the modifications 

 which take place in the organs of circulation, respi- 

 ration and sensation in the invertebrated animals (a 

 title first given by Lamarck, instead of the errone- 

 ous one of white-blooded animals, by which they 

 < were previously distinguished), Cuvier has formed 

 'a new division, in which these animals are arranged 

 according to their actual relations. 



The following is a view of the system as exhi- 

 bited in the second edition of the Regne Animal, 

 published in 1829 (5 vols.. 8vo.). Of the four 

 great divisions into which the animal kingdom is 

 divided Vertebrated, Molluscous, Articulated, and 

 Radicated animals and of their general subdivi- 

 sions, an account is given in the article Animal. 



The first subdivision, of the class Mammalia, is 

 again subdivided into eight orders, as follows : 



ORDER I. BlMANA. 



Having hands tit the anterior extremities alone. 



One species man. 



ORDER II QUADKUUANA. 



Having hands at the four extremities. 



ximiii (Monkey). 



OwttUti. 



Alukm, or Lfmuri. 



ORDER III CARNASSII:KS. 

 FAMILY i Cm.im.iT' n\. 



FkMILY II. INSBCTIVIIKA. 



Erinaceu* (Hedgehog). 



Tendmc (Centenei, lllig.). 



Cladobatei (Tupaia. i 



Sores (Shrew). 



Mygale (Desman). 



Chrytochlorii. 



'/Wpa(Mole). 



Condylura, 



Scalops (Shrew-Mole . 



FAMILY in CAHNIVOHA. 

 TRIBE i. PLANTIGRADK. , 



Vnus (Bear). 



TlUDB II. DlGlTIGRADK. 



Mustel'i (Marten). 

 Cam's (Dog). 

 Viverra (Civet). 

 Uycena. 

 Felit (Cat). 



TRIBE ni. AMPHIBIOI s ANIMALS. 

 Phoca ( Seal). 

 Irichechus (Morse). 



ORDER IV MARSUPIAL ANIMALS. 



Didelphis (Opossum), 



Dasyurus. 



Phalangista. 



Potorous (Hypsiprymnus, lllig.) 



Macropus (Kangaroo.) 



Koala Lipurux, Goldf.) Phascolarclo.i. 



Phascolomys (Wombat). 



ORDER V. GLIRES (ROL.ENTIA). 



Sciurus (Squirrel). 



JUiw(Rat). 



Helamys (Pedetes, lllig.). 



Spalax. 



Orycterus. 



Geomyt (Pieudostoma, Say). 



Diploitoma. 



Castor (Beaver). 



Couia ( Myapotamus, Conim . ). 



Hyitrix (Porcupine). 



l.eput (Hare). 



Cavia (Guinea Pig). 



ORDER VI EDENTATA. 

 TRIBE I TARDIGRADE. 



Bradypw (Sloth). 

 Megatherium (fossil). 



TRIBE n. COMMON EDENTATA. 



Dasypus (Tatou). 

 Orycteropus. 



Myrmeciiphaga (Anteater). 

 Mania (Pangolin). 



TRIBE HI. MONOTREMA. 



Echidna ( Spinous Anteater). 

 Ornithorhynchus ( Platypus, Shaw). 



ORDER VII. PACHYDERMATA. 



FAMILY i. PROBOSCIDIANA. 



Elephat. 

 Mastodon (fossil). 



FAMILY ii. COMMON PACHYDEIUMAT*. 



Hippopotamut. 

 Stu (Hog). 

 Phacochaeriu. 

 Dicotyle* (Peccary). 

 Annplntherium (fossil). 

 Rhinoceros. 

 Hiirax. 



Palfotherium (fossil). 

 Lophiodon ((- il '. 



