346 



CAMBRIDGE. 



lower bouse, to take the votes secretly or openly, 

 and to declare the assent or dissent of that house. 

 The moderator* are nominated by the proctors, and 

 appointed by a grace of the senate. They superin- 

 tend the exercises and disputations in philosophy, 

 and the examinations for the degree of bachelor of 

 arts, in the place of the proctors. The three 

 esquire bedells are required to precede the vice- 

 chancellor with silver maces, upon all public occa- 

 sions and solemnities. They bring the doctors pre- 

 sent in the regent house to open scrutiny, there to 

 deliver their 8uffrar?8 by word or writing ; they 

 receive the graces from the vice-chancellor and 

 caput, and deliver them first to the scrutators in 

 the lower houses, and, if they are granted, carry 

 them to the proctors in the upper house. They 

 attend the professors and respondents in the three 

 faculties, from their colleges to the schools, and 

 during the continuance of the several acts. They 

 collect fines from the members of the university, 

 and summon the members of the senate to the 

 chancellor's court. The university printer, the 

 library-keeper, the under library-keeper, and the 

 school-keeper, are elected by the body at large ; 

 the yeoman bedell is appointed by letters patent 

 under the hand and seal of chancellor; and the 

 university marshal, in the same manner, by the 

 vice-chancellor. 



The university has two courts of law, the con- 

 sistory court of the chancellor, and the consistory 

 court of the commissary. The former is held by 

 the chancellor, or in his absence, by the vice-chan- 

 cellor, assisted by some of the heads of colleges, 

 and one or more doctors of the civil law. All 

 pleas and actions personal, as of debts, accounts, 

 contracts, &c., or of any injury begun or grown 

 within the limits of the university, and not con- 

 cerning mayhem and felony, are heard and decided 

 in this court, and the manner of the proceeding is 

 according to the civil law. An appeal lies from 

 this court to the senate. The latter is held by the 

 commissary, acting by authority deputed to him 

 under the seal of the chancellor. He takes know- 

 ledge and proceeds in all causes, as above, except 

 that causes and suits to which the proctors or taxors, 

 or any of them, or a master of arts, or any other 

 of superior degree is a party, are reserved to the 

 jurisdiction of the chancellor or vice-chancellor. 

 The manner of proceeding is the same in this as in 

 the other court ; and the party aggrieved is allowed, 

 by statute, an appeal to the chancellor's court, and 

 from thence to the delegates, if the cause and grief 

 of the party render such application necessary. 



The two members sent by the university to par- 

 liament are chosen by the senate. The university 

 counsel are appointed by grace of the senate, and 

 the solicitor is appointed by the vice-chancellor. 

 The syndics are members of the senate, chosen to 

 transact all special affairs of the university. The 

 professors have stipends allowed from various 

 sources, from the university chest, from govern- 

 ment, or from estates left for that purpose. The 

 annual income of the university chest is about 

 16,000, and the annual expenditure about 12,000. 

 The funds are under the management of the vice- 

 chancellor, and the accounts are examined by three 

 auditors, appointed annually by the senate. The 

 terms of the university are three. The October 

 or Michaelmas term begins on the 10th of October, 

 and ends on the 16th of December ;. Lent, or 

 January term, begins on the 13th of January, and 

 ends on the Friday before Palm Sunday ; Easter or 



midsummer term begins on the llth day after 

 Easter day, and ends on the Friday after commence- 

 ment, which is always the first Tuesday in July. 



The seventeen colleges of the university were 

 founded by different individuals, all of whom en- 

 joined, first, the cultivation of religion, and then 

 of polite literature and the sciences. The statutes 

 of some of the colleges require the fellows to be 

 born in England, in particular counties, &c. The 

 fellowships at Trinity, St John's, Sidney, Down- 

 ing, Clare Hall, and Trinity Hall, are open toall com- 

 petitors, and there is the following law with regard 

 to all ; " Whosoever hath one English parent, al- 

 though he be born in another county, shall be 

 esteemed as if born in that county to which his 

 English parent belonged. But if both parents 

 were English, he shall be reckoned of that county 

 to which his father belonged." Stat. Acad. p. 

 268. 



The orders in the different colleges are, 1. A 

 head of a college or house, who is generally a doc- 

 tor in divinity ; excepting of Trinity hall, Caius 

 college, and Downing college, where they may be 

 doctors in civil law or physic. The head of King's 

 college is styled Provost ; of Queen's, President ; 

 all the rest, Master. 2. Fellows, generally doc- 

 tors in divinity, civil law, or physic ; bachelors in 

 divinity; masters or bachelors of arts; a few 

 bachelors in civil law or physic, as at Trinity hall 

 and Caius college. The number of fellowships in 

 the university is 408. 3. Noblemen graduates ; 

 doctors in the several faculties, bachelors in divin- 

 ity, who have been masters of arts, and masters of 

 arts, not on the foundation, but whose names are 

 kept on the boards for the purpose of being members 

 of the senate. 4. Graduates, neither members of 

 the senate, nor in statu pupillari, are bachelors in di- 

 vinity, denominated four-and-twenty men, or ten- 

 year men, so called because persons admitted at any 

 college, when twenty-four years of age and upwards, 

 are allowed to take the degree of bachelor in divinity 

 after their names have remained on the boards ten 

 years. During the last two years they must reside 

 in the university the greater part of three several 

 terms, and perform the exercises required by the 

 statutes. 5. Bachelors in civil law and physic, 

 who sometimes keep their names on the boards till 

 they become doctors. 6. Bachelors of arts, who 

 are in statu pupillari, and pay for tuition, whether 

 resident or not, and keep their names on the boards, 

 for the purpose of becoming candidates for fellow- 

 ships, or members of the senate. 7. Fellow com- 

 moners, generally younger sons of the nobility or 

 young men of fortune, who have the privilege of 

 dining at the fellow's table. 8. Pensioners and 

 scholars. The number of scholarships and exhi- 

 bitions in the University is upwards of 700. 9. 

 Sizars, men of inferior fortune, who usually have 

 their commons free, and receive various emolu- 

 ments. 



CAMS IN; a hot wind of Africa, which gene- 

 rally blows in Egypt for two or three days succes- 

 sively, but less violently during the night than the 

 day. It only occurs in the period between the 

 middle of April and the beginning of June, and 

 hence its Arabic name, which signifies " the wind 

 of fifty days." 



" On my route from Suez to Cairo," says RQp- 

 pel, " I had an opportunity of observing a meteo- 

 rological phenomenon of a very curious nature, 

 which possibly may lead to some interesting results. 

 In the year 1822, May 21st, being seven hours 



