BAR BARRADOES. 



413 



America, ami some of the Seventh-day Baptists, are 

 Calvinistic. The other classes are Arminian, or at 

 least not Calvinistic. All, except some of the Chris- 

 tian Society, are Trinitarians. The Free-will Bap- 

 tists, the Christian Society, and some of the General 

 Baptists of England, admit of open communion : the 

 other bodies decline communion with any Christians 

 but Baptists. Some of the principal divisions are the 

 Particular Baptists, who adopt the doctrine of parti- 

 cular election ; the General Baptists, who profess 

 the doctrine of universal redemption. Some of the 

 churches of the latter have three orders, separately 

 ordained messengers, elders, and deacons. The 

 Associated or Calvinistic Baptists of America are the 

 most numerous denomination in the United States. 

 They had, in 1824, about 150 associations, in which 

 are more than 3000 churches, about 2500 preachers, 

 and 250,000 communicants. The Seventh-day Bap- 

 tists, or Sabbatarians, observe the seventh day of the 

 week. The Free-will Baptists profess the doctrine 

 of free salvation. The first church of this order was 

 gathered in New Hampshire (United States), in 1780; 

 and there were, in 1824, 10,000 communicants in 

 the United States. The Christian Society is Anti- 

 Calvinistic and Anti-trinitarian. The first church 

 was founded, in 1803, in Portsmouth, N. H. ; the 

 number of communicants, in 1824, was about 20,000. 

 Their churches have organized the General Christian 

 Conference. They profess to reject useless forms 

 and ceremonies, to use scriptural expressions, and 

 disclaim all creeds and articles of faith. The Tunk- 

 ers are distinguished for their simplicity of dress and 

 manners, and for wearing beards. 



At an early period of the reformation, the subject 

 of infant baptism was discussed. The Anabaptists 

 (q. v.) are not, however, to be confounded with the 

 Baptists, by whom their principles were expressly 

 disclaimed. The persecution of dissenters, in the 

 reign of Elizabeth, gave rise to the foundation of the 

 first regular church of this sect, though their princi- 

 ples had prevailed much earlier. We may date the 

 first public acknowledgment of the Baptists as dis- 

 tinct from the Anabaptists from their petition to par- 

 liament in 1620. In 1623, they are described as 

 carrying an external appearance of holiness, as de- 

 nying the doctrines of predestination, reprobation, &c. 

 It is therefore probable that the Baptists of that time 

 were General Baptists. The year 1633, provides us 

 with the earliest records remaining of the formation 

 of a Particular Baptist church in London. Between 

 these two denominations, there never has been much 

 intercourse. Both of them have repeatedly and 

 publicly disclaimed anabaptism. The Particular 

 Baptists have never had any material dispute amongst 

 their members, except upon a point agitated also 

 amongst the General Baptists that of mixed com- 

 munion : the question is, whether persons baptized 

 in infancy, and not re-baptized at full age, may be 

 admitted to partake the sacrament in their congre- 

 gations. The whole number of Baptist churches in 

 the United States was, in 1824, about 5600 ; that of 

 the communicants about 407,684. (For information 

 on the peculiar tenets of the Baptists, see the works 

 of Drs Gill and Gale, Abraham Booth, and Wall's 

 History of Infant Baptism. See, also, Anabaptist 

 and Mission.) 



BAR ; the partition which separates the members 

 of a court from those who have to report or to hear. 

 The British parliament, also, has at its entrance such 

 bars ; and the national convention of France adopted 

 this arrangement, and the custom of summoning 

 before their bar all from whom it desired information. 

 This encroachment on the executive and judiciary 

 branches of government, by a body whose proper 

 business was deliberation and discussion, was the 



cause of many of the horrors of the revolution. At 

 the time when fifty lives were daily sacrificed, in 

 Paris, under Robespierre, when the monster Carrier, 

 at Nantes, caused SOO innocent children to be drown- 

 ed in one night, the national convention had not the 

 courage to expel the wretches who interrupted their 

 labours by singing patriotic songs at the bar. How 

 ever, on the 16th March, 1794, they issued a decree 

 yue dorenavant on n'entendra plus a la bar re de la 

 Convention que la raison en prose. 



B.ARABINZIANS; a tribe 

 of Tartars, who seem 

 to derive their namn 

 from the Barabaian de- 

 sert. They live on the 

 banks of the river Ir- 

 tisch, and subsist chief- 

 ly on fish and the pro- 

 duce of their herds. 

 The lakes of the Ba- 

 rabaian desert supply 

 them abundantly with 

 the former commodity. 

 They are still a rude 

 and uncultivated tribe, 

 beyond the sphere ot 

 European civilization, 

 and like all savages are 

 fond of personal orna- 

 ments. The subjoined 

 cut represents the cos- 

 tume of a female Ba- 

 rabinzian. 



BARATARIA ; a bay and island of Louisiana, on the 

 north side of the gulf of Mexico ; 55 miles N. W. 

 of the Balize ; Ion. 90 W. ; lat. 29 N. The bay is 

 about 18 miles in length, and at its entrance is the 

 island, which is a strong military position, and a fibrils 

 a safe and capacious harbour for merchant vessels, 

 and light ships of war. This island was the noted 

 resort of La Fitte's piratical squadron, by whom it 

 was fortified at both ends, in 1811. The adjacent 

 country is an open, level region, and to the north is a 

 fine tract, well adapted to the cultivation of sugar. 

 BARB. See Horse. 



BARBADOES, one of the Caribbees, and the most 

 eastern of the West India islands, supposed to have 

 been discovered by the Portuguese, but belonging to 

 the British, was settled by the latter in 1605. It lies 

 20 leagues E. of St Vincent, 28 S. E. of Martinique ; 

 Ion. 59 W. ; lat. 13" 1O 7 N. It is 21 miles long, 

 and 14 broad, containing 106,470 acres, most of 

 which is under cultivation. It is divided into eleven 

 parishes, and contains four towns, viz. Bridgetown, 

 the capital, Speight's Town, Austin's Town, and 

 Jamestown. Population, in 1786, 16,167 whites, 

 838 free people of colour, and 62,1 15 slaves : in 181 1 , 

 16,289 whites, 3,392 free people of colour, and 

 62,258 slaves ; total, 81,939. Slaves in 1817, 77,273. 

 According to Humboldt's tables, prepared in 1823-24. 

 B. contained 21,000 free persons and 79,000 slaves ; 

 total, 100,000. The climate is very hot, but the air 

 is pure, and moderated by the constant trade winds ; 

 but it is subject to dreadful hurricanes. The soil in 

 the low lands is black, somewhat reddish in the shal- 

 low parts, on the hills of a chalky marl, and near the 

 sea generally sandy. Of this variety of soil, the 

 black mould is best suited to the cultivation of 

 the cane, and, with the aid of manure, has given 

 as great returns of sugar, in favourable seasons, 

 as any in the West Indies, the prime lands of St 

 Christopher's excepted. The houses of the planters 

 are very numerous all along the country, which, with 

 the luxuriant productions of the soil, and the gently- 

 swelling hills, form a delightful scene. The average 



