BARTHELEM Y BARTHOLOMEW. 



433 



muffled oars, under cover of the night, and appeared 

 unexpectedly before the city. He effected his object 

 by intercepting a large stock of provisions, and cap- 

 turing several vessels laden with military munitions 

 and valuable stores for the British officers. The 

 commodore and his assistants received a public ex- 

 pression of thanks from Washington, on account of 

 his enterprise. After the destruction of his frigate, 

 he was appointed to the command of the Raleigh, of 

 32 guns, which he was obliged to run on shore, be- 

 ing chased by a large squadron of British vessels of 

 war. He was afterwards named commander of a 74 

 building in New Hampshire ; but, this vessel having 

 been presented by congress to the king of France, 

 he was transferred to the Alliance, a frigate of 36 

 guns, which was placed under his orders. In Feb- 

 ruary, 1781, he sailed from Boston, where the frigate 

 had been lying, for L'Orient, having on board colonel 

 Laurens and suite, who was sent on an important 

 embassy to the French court. He then proceeded 

 on a cruise, in which he took several valuable prizes, 

 and captured his Britannic majesty's ship of war 

 Atalanta, and her consort, the brig Trepasa, after an 

 engagement of several hours, in which he displayed 

 great gallantry, and was dangerously wounded. De- 

 cember 25, 1781, the Alliance sailed from Boston, 

 with the marquis de La Fayette and count de Noailles 

 on board, who were proceeding to France on public 

 business. After landing them, she left L'Orient on 

 a cruise, and, besides making many prizes, overcame 

 a frigate of equal size with herself, which was 

 rescued, however, by the timely arrival of her two 

 consorts, which had been watching the motions of a 

 large French ship during the action. During the 

 rest of the war, B. served with credit to himself, and 

 benefit to his country, and, after the cessation of hos- 

 tilities, was appointed to superintend the building of 

 the frigate United States in Philadelphia, which was 

 designed for his command. During the partial ma- 

 ritime war between the United States and France, 

 he did great service to the commercial interests of 

 the country, by protecting its flag from the depre- 

 dations of the French privateers, which infested the 

 ocean. He retained the command of the United 

 States until she was laid up in ordinary. After a 

 life of usefulness and honour, B. fell a victim to an 

 asthmatic affection, at Philadelphia, September 13, 

 1803. This estimable man was above the ordinary 

 stature; his person was graceful and commanding; 

 his whole deportment was marked by dignity, un- 

 mixed with ostentation ; and his strongly-marked 

 countenance expressed the qualities of his mind and 

 the virtues of his heart. 



BARTHELEMY, Jean Jacques, born, January 20, 

 1716, at Cassis, near Marseilles, in what was for- 

 merly Provence, received a good education from the 

 fathers of the oratory at Marseilles, and was about 

 to prepare himself, under the Jesuits, for holy or- 

 ders ; but, becoming disgusted with his teachers, he 

 declined all offers of clerical promotion, and only 

 accepted the title of abbe, in order to show that he 

 belonged to this class. From his youth, he loved 

 the study of the ancient languages, even the most 

 ancient Oriental tongues, and antiquities more parti- 

 cularly. His indefatigable industry and acuteness 

 soon enabled him to communicate to the learned 

 new discoveries in this branch of study, among which 

 the alphabet of Palmyra, published by him in 1754, 

 holds a principal place. In 1747, he was chosen 

 member of the academy of inscriptions at Paris, 

 after having been associated, on his arrival in Paris 

 (1744), with the inspector of the royal cabinet of 

 medals. About this time, he became acquainted 

 with the count Stainville (afterwards the minister 

 Choiseul), who was on the point of departing as am- 



bassador for Rome, and invited B. to accompany him 

 thither. Having been, since 1753, chief inspector of 

 the cabinet of medals, he accepted the offer, and 

 went, in 1764, to Rome. He traveled through 

 Italy, collected antiquities, and occupied himself, af- 

 ter his return, with learned works, and with the 

 arrangement of the cabinet, which had been intrust- 

 ed to nis care, and to which he added a great num- 

 ber of costly and rare medals. Among his works, 

 none are so distinguished for learning and beauty of 

 description as the Travels of the Younger Anachar- 

 sis in Greece, on which he had laboured thirty years. 

 He himself was modest enough to call this an un- 

 wieldy compilation, whilst all the learned men of 

 France and foreign countries received it with the 

 greatest applause. B., in his advanced age, resolved 

 to compose a complete catalogue of the royal cabinet 

 of medals, but was interrupted in 1788, by the storms 

 of the revolution ; during which he remained tran- 

 quil, taking no part in the public disturbances. In 

 1789, he received a place in the academic Francaisc. 

 The revolution deprived him of the greatest part of 

 his income ; but he bore this loss with calmness. 

 August 20, 1793, he was accused, by a clerk of the 

 national library, of aristocracy, and Sept. 2, arrested ; 

 but he was soon after set at liberty, and re-admitted 

 among the number of librarians. This event had the 

 most injurious effects upon his weak health. When 

 the chief librarian of the national library, the notori- 

 ous Carra, was executed, October 31, 1793, B. re- 

 ceived the offer of his place ; but he refused it, with 

 the hope of passing his few remaining days in tran- 

 quillity. He died April 30, 1795, with the reputation 

 of an honest man, and a highly learned and distin- 

 guished author. 



BARTHEZ, Paul Joseph, one of the most learned 

 physicians of France in the 18th century, was born 

 at Montpellier, December 11, 1734. After the ter 

 mination of his studies in 1754, he came to Paris, 

 where the cure of the count of Perigord introduced 

 him to notice. He was received into the society of 

 Barthelemy, Caylus, Henault, Mairan, and d'Alem- 

 bert. Two memoirs, which he presented to the aca- 

 demic des inscriptions et des belles-lettres, obtained 

 the first prizes. He took part in the Journal des 

 Savans, and in the Encyclopedic. Recalled to Mont- 

 pellier, he founded there a medical school, which 

 acquired a reputation throughout all Europe. He 

 also published there his Rouveaux Elemens de la 

 Science de I'Homme (Montpellier, 1778, 2d augm. ed.; 

 Paris, 1806, 2 vols.), which were translated into most 

 of the European languages. But his ambition did 

 not find sufficient food at Montpellier ; he, therefore, 

 returned, in 1780, to Paris, where he was appointed 

 by the king medicin consultant, and by the duke of 

 Orleans his first physician. He was a member of 

 almost every learned society. His advice upon im- 

 portant cases was sought for from every quarter. The 

 revolution deprived him of the greatest part of his 

 fortune and his place. Napoleon, who understood how 

 to discover merit, brought him forth again, and loaded 

 him, in his advanced age, with dignities. He died 

 October 15, 1806. His name will be remembered, 

 in and out of France, with the same respect as thos 

 of Boerhaave, Hoffmann, Sydenham, Cullen, and 

 Brown. Among his numerous writings is the one en- 

 titled Nouvclle Mecanique des Mouvemens de VHomme 

 et des Animaux. B. was a doctor of laws, and coun- 

 sellor of the cour des aides. 



BARTHOLOMEW (son of Tolmaf), the apostle, is pro- 

 bably the same person as Nathaniel, mentioned, in 

 the Gospel of St John, as an upright Israelite, and 

 one of the first disciples of Jesus. The derivation of 

 his name and descent from the family of the Ptolemies, 

 is fabulou& He is said to have taught Christianity 



