434 



BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL BAR TOLOZZJ. 



in the south of Arabia, and to have carried there the 

 ;.l>rl ut' Si Matthew, in the Hebrew language, 

 according to Eusebius. Chrysostom mentions, tiut 

 he preached in Armenia and Natolia, nnd a later 

 writer of legends says, that he suffered crucifixion at 

 Albania pyla (now Derbent, in Persia). The ancient 

 church liad an apocryphal gospel, l>earinghis name, 

 of which nothing has been preserved. 



BARTHOLOMEW'S HOSPITAL (Sr) ; one of the greatest 

 hospitals of Ix>ndon ; fonuerly the priory of St 

 Bartholomew, ami made an hospital by Henry VIII. 

 Il contains 820 patient^. 



BARTHOLOMEW, St ; one of the. Caribbee islands, in 

 the West Indies, belonging to Sweden, about 24 

 miles in cirrmnferenee-, Ion. 63 (X W. ; lat. 17 34' 

 N. ; population about 8,000. It produces tobacco, 

 sugar, cotton, Indigo, and cassava, with some excel- 

 lent woods and limestone. All the fresh water 

 which they can procure is saved in cisterns. The is- 

 land is encompassed by formidable rocks, which render 

 it liangerous of access to shipping. Its chief products 

 for exportation are drugs and lignumviUe. The only 

 town is (iiistnvia or St Bartholomew, and contains 

 about 4000 inhabitants ; and the only harbour is La 

 Carenage, near Gustavia. There are two other 

 i-latuls of the same name in the South Pacific ocean. 

 ( )ne lies in Ion. 167 2V E., lat. 15 41' S. ; the other 

 in Ion. 221' 25' W., lat. 8" 13' S. 



BARTHOLOMEW'S DAY (ST) ; a feast of the church 

 of Home, celebrated in honour of St Bartholomew. 

 The horrid slaughter of the Huguenots, in France, 

 took place on St Bartholomew's day, under the reign 

 of Charles IX., in 1572. The causes which produced 

 it may be found in the articles Huguenots, Guise, and 

 Conde. After the death of Francis II., Catharine of 

 Medicis (q. v.) became regent in the place of her son, 

 Charles IX., then only ten years old, and was 

 compelled, in spite of the opposition of the Guises, 

 to issue an edict of toleration in favour of the 

 Protestants. The party of the Guises now persuaded 

 Uie nation, that the Catholic religion was in the 



greatest danger. The Huguenots were treated hi 

 le most cruel manner ; prince Condc took up arms ; 

 the Guises had recourse to the Spaniards, Conde to 

 the English, for assistance. Both parties were guilty 

 of the most atrocious cruelties, but finally concluded 

 peace. The queen-mother caused the king, who had 

 entered his fourteenth year, to be declared of age, 

 Uiat she might govern more absolutely under his 

 name. Duke Francis de Guise had been assassinated 

 by a Huguenot, at the siege of Orleans ; but his 

 spirit continued in his family, which considered the 

 admiral Coligny as the author of his murder. The 

 Huguenots soon found that the queen-mother still 

 haied them ; and Conde and Coligny, therefore, kept 

 themselves on their guard. The king (see Charles 

 IX.) had been persuaded, that the Huguenots 

 had designs on his life, and had conceived an impla- 

 cable hatred against them. Meanwhile the court 

 endeavoured to gain time, in order to seize the per- 

 sons of the prince and the admiral by stratagem, but 

 was disappointed, and hostilities were renewed with 

 more violence than ever. In the battle of Jarnac, 

 1569, Conde was made prisoner, and shot by the 

 captain de Montesquieu. Coligny collected the re- 

 mains of the routed army ; the young prince Henry 

 le Beam (afterwards Henry IV., king of Navarre 

 and France), the head of the Protestant party after 

 the death of Conde, was appointed commander-in- 

 chief, and Coligny commanded in the name of the 

 prince Henry de Conde, who swore to revenge the 

 murder of his father. But he was destitute of means, 

 and was unsuccessful. The advantageous offers of 

 peace at St Germain-en-Laye (August 8, 1570), 

 blinded the chiefs of the Huguenots, particularly the 



admiral Coligny, who was wearied with civil war. 

 The king appeared tn have entirely disengaged him 

 self from the influence of the Guises and his mother: 

 lie invited the old Coligny, the support of the Hugue- 

 nots, to his court, and honoured him as a father. The 

 most artful means were employed to increase this 

 delusion. The sister of the king was married to the 

 prince de Beam (August 18, 1572), in order to allure, 

 the most distinguished Huguenots to Paris. Some 

 of his friends endeavoured to dissuade the admiral 

 from this visit ; but he could not be convinced that 

 the king would command an assassination of the 

 Protestants throughout his kingdom. August 2'.'. a 

 shot from a window wounded the admiral. The king 

 hastened to visit him, and swore to punish the author 

 of the villany ; but, on the same day, he was induced, 

 by his mother, to believe that the admiral had de- 

 signs on his life. "God's death!" he exclaimed; 

 "lull the admiral ; and not only him, but all the 

 Huguenots ; let none remain to disturb us ! " Tin- 

 following night, Catharine held the bloody council, 

 which fixed the execution for the night of St Bartho- 

 lomew, August 24, 1572. After the assassination of 

 Coligny (q. v.), a bell from the tower of the royal 

 palace, at midnight, gave to the assembled companies 

 of burghers the signal for the general massacre of 

 the Huguenots. The prince of Conde and the king 

 of Navarre saved their lives by going to mass, -and 

 pretending to embrace the Catholic religion. By the 

 king's orders, the massacre was extended through 

 the whole kingdom ; and if, in some provinces, the 

 officers liad honour and humanity enough to disobey 

 the orders to butcher their innocent fellow citizens, 

 yet instruments were always found to continue the 

 massacre. This horrible slaughter continued for 

 thirty days, in almost all the provinces : the victims 

 are calculated at 30,000. At Rome, the cannons 

 were discharged, the pope ordered a jubilee, and a 

 procession to the church of St Louis, and caused Te 

 Deum to be chanted. Those of the Huguenots who 

 escaped fled into the mountains and to Rochelle. 

 The duke of Anjou laid siege to that city, but, dur- 

 ing the siege, received the news, that the Poles liad 

 elected him their king. He concluded a treaty, J uly 

 6, 1573, and the king granted to the Huguenots the 

 exercise of their religion in certain towns. The court 

 gained nothing by the massacre of St Bartholomew 

 (called, in French ultra papers, in 1824, unc rigueur 

 saluiaire). The Huguenots were afterwards more 

 on their guard, and armed themselves against new 

 attacks. (See Hist, de la Ste. Darthclemi d'apres lea 

 CAroniyues, les Memoires et les Manuscrits du Terns, 

 Paris, 1826. The massacre of St Bartholomew is, 

 in this work, attributed to Catharine of Medicis. 

 See, also, Schiller's History of the Troubles in France, 

 until the Death of Charles IX., complete works, vol. 

 xvi.) 



BARTOLOZZI, Francesco ; a distinguished engraver, 

 born at Florence, in 1730, where he learned the art 

 of drawing from Hugfort, Feretti, and others. In 

 Venice, in Florence, and Milan, he etched several 

 pieces on sacred subjects, and then went to London, 

 where he received great encouragement, and accom- 

 modated himself entirely to the national taste, so as 

 even to work in the popular red dotted manner. His 

 pieces were so universally sought for, that a complete 

 collection of them was valued at 1000. He was 

 elected a member of the royal academy of arts, in 

 London. After 40 years' residence in London, he 

 went to Lisbon, to engrave on copper the portrait 

 of the regent, where he received, in 1807, the order 

 of Christ. He died there in April, 1815. With 

 accuracy of design, he united great delicacy of exe- 

 cution. Among his best engravings is the Death of 

 Lord Chatham, after Copley ; and the Lady and 



