676 



BODE BODONI. 



by three names Bocfik-a, Nemynefrba, and '/.://i>: 

 Accompanying him vv.i- a l amu'iil f< male, named 

 I 'hia, who, unlike the wife of iMnnco Capac, prided 

 herself in thwarting her liiislKind'.s IK in liu-nl pur- 

 poses. Making tin- ri\er of Bogota to overflow by 

 magic, she deluged the whole valley, and reduced 

 the inhabitants to the necessity of flu-ing to the 

 mountains for .safety. Hereupon Hochica expelled 

 the malevolent Chia from the earth, and she l>ecame 

 the nioiHi. Then, tearing asunder the rocks of Te- 

 iiuendamn, he gave the waters an exit by these cele- 

 brated falls, and freed the valley of Bogota from 

 inundation. Introducing the worship of the sun, and 

 persuading the inhabitants to cultivate the soil, he 

 laid the foundations of a state, which held the seme 

 rank, in this part of America, which Peru did farther 

 to the south. The institutions of this people very 

 strikingly resembled those of the incas, and perhaps 

 had a common origin ; but, at the time of the con- 

 imest of South America, they constituted a distinct 

 people, ami possessed a distinct religion. See Bogo- 

 1 1, ('ri>i<li,;<im(irc(i, Miiiscn ; Compagltoni, America, 

 xix. 107. 



BODE, John Elert, an astronomer, born at Hamburg, 

 1747, early discovered an inclination for mathematical 

 science, in which his father, and, afterwards, the 

 famous J. G. Busch, instructed him. He gave the 

 first public proof of his knowledge by a short work 

 on the solar eclipse of August 5, 1766. The appro- 

 bation which this received encouraged him to greater 

 labours, and in 1768, appeared his Introduction to the 

 Knowledge of the Starry Heavens (ninth edition, 

 1822) ; a familiar treatise on astronomy, which has 

 done much for the extension of correct views upon 

 the subject, and continues to do so, as it has kept 

 pace, in its successive editions, with the progress of 

 the science. In 1772, the Berlin academy chose him 

 their astronomer, and, ten years afterwards, he was 

 made a member of that institution. His best works 

 are his Astronomical Almanac (commencing 1774) 

 a work indispensable to every astronomer ; and his 

 large Celestial Atlas (Himmelsatlas), in twenty sheets, 

 in which the industrious editor has given a catalogue 

 of 17,240 stars (12,000 more than in any former 

 charts). In 1825, he was released, at his own wish, 

 from his duties in the academy of science, and the 

 observatory in Berlin. His place was filled by pro- 

 fessor Encke, formerly astronomer at Gotha. He 

 died in 1826. 



BODIN, Jean, a political writer of the sixteenth cen- 

 tury, was born in 1530 or 1529, at Angers ; studied 

 law at Toulouse ; delivered lectures on jurisprudence 

 there, and afterwards went to Paris and practised. 

 Being unsuccessful in his profession, he turned his 

 talents to literary labours ; was invited by Henry III. 

 to his court ; and afterwards travelled with the king's 

 brother Francis, duke of Alenson and Anjou, to 

 Flanders and England, where he had the gratification 

 of hearing lectures, fri Cambridge, on his work De 

 la Republique (originally written in French, but after- 

 wards translated by B. himself into Latin). When 

 the duke died, he went to Laon, married there, ob- 

 tained a judicial office, and was sent, by the third 

 estate in Vermandois, 1576, as deputy, to the estates 

 of Blois. Here he defended the rights of the people, 

 and the liberty of conscience. His conduct made 

 him many enemies at court. He also prevailed on 

 the city of Laon to declare itself for the league, in 

 1589, representing to the people, that the rising of so 

 many towns and parliaments, in favour of the duke 

 of Guise, was not a rebellion, but rather a powerful 

 political revolution. He afterwards, however, sub- 

 mitted to Henry IV. He died, 1596, at Laon, of the 

 plague. 'His great work is that entitled De la Re- 

 in which he gave the first complete essay 



towards a scientific treatise on politics, end, guided 

 by his own experience, sought to strike out a middle 

 eoiirs*- between the advocates of monarchy and de- 

 mocracy. His Dcmonomanie, and his Theatrum 

 Universes Natura (Lyons, 1596), show how supersti- 

 tion and learning were united in his character; but 

 the charge of atheism, which is grounded particularly 

 on a work entitled Heptaplomeron, proceeds from the 

 religious indifference which was noticed in him by 

 his contemporaries. 



BODLEIAN LIBRARY. See Libraries. 



I >. 'iii.Kv, Sir Thomas ; the founder of the Bodleian 

 library at Oxford. He was born at Exeter, in 1544, 

 and educated partly at Geneva, whither -his parents, 

 who were Protestants, had retired in the reign of queen 

 Mary. On the accession of Elizabeth, they returned 

 home, and he completed his studies at Magdalen 

 college, Oxford. He afterwards became a fellow of 

 Merton college, and read lectures on the Greek lan- 

 guage and philosophy. He went to the continent in 

 1576, and spent four years in travelling.. He was 

 afterwards employed in various embassies to Den- 

 mark, Germany, France, and Holland. In 1597, he 

 returned home, and dedicated the remainder of his 

 life to the re-establishment and augmentation of the 

 public library at Oxford. Tin's he accomplished, 

 procuring books and manuscripts himself, both at 

 home and abroad, at a great expense, and, by his in- 

 fluence and persuasions, inducing his friends and ac- 

 quaintance to assist in his undertaking. Sir Robert. 

 Cotton, Sir Henry Savile, and Thomas Allen, the 

 mathematician, were among the principal contribu- 

 tors on this occasion. The library was so much aug- 

 mented, that Sir Thomas B., who was knighted at 

 the accession of James I., was induced to erect an 

 additional structure for the reception of the increas- 

 ing quantity of valuable books and manuscripts. 

 He died in London, 1612, and was interred in the 

 chapel of Merton college, in the university. He 

 bequeathed nearly the whole of his property to the 

 support and augmentation of the library, which has 

 been so much enriched by subsequent benefac- 

 tions, that it is, at present, one of the most magni- 

 ficent institutions of the kind in Europe. See Re- 

 liquicB Bodleiance, London, 1703. 



BOOMER, John Jacob ; a celebrated German poet 

 and scholar, born at Greifensee, near Zurich, July 

 19, 1698. Although he produced nothing remark- 

 able of his own in poetry, he helped to open the way 

 for the new German literature in this department. 

 He was the antagonist of Gottsched, in Leipsic, who 

 aspired to be the literary dictator of the day, and had 

 embraced the French theory of taste, while B. inclin- 

 ed to the English. He has the honour of having had 

 Klopstock and Wieland among his scholars. B. was, 

 for a long time, professor of history in Switzerland. 

 He was a copious and indefatigable writer, entertain- 

 ed many incorrect views, but was of service, as we 

 have already said, to the German literature, which 

 was then in a low and barbarous state. He died at 

 Zurich, 1783. 



BODONI, Giambatista, superintendent of the royal 

 press at Parma, chief printer of his Catholic majesty, 

 member of several academies of Italy, knight of se- 

 veral high orders, was born, 1740, at Saluzzo, in 

 Piedmont, where his father owned a printing estab- 

 lishment. He began, while yet a boy, to employ 

 himself in engraving on wood. His labours meeting 

 with success, he went, in 1758, to Rome, and was 

 made compositor for the press of the Propaganda. 

 By the advice of the superintendent, he made himself 

 acquainted with the Oriental languages, in order to 

 qualify himself for the kind cf printing required in 

 them. He thereby enabled himself to DQ of great 

 service to this press, by restoring and putting in 



