HOURBON. 



647 



nasty, in 987. (See Capet.) One of his descendants, 

 named Robert, was the root of the elder line of the 

 dukes of Burgundy, which became extinct in I36i . 

 A descendant of this Robert, Henry of Burgundy, 

 was first regent of Portugal in 1095, where his legi- 

 timate descendants became extinct in 1383. Pierre 

 de Courtenay, a descendant of Hugh Capet in the 

 fifth generation, was father and ancestor of many em- 

 perors of Constantinople. The house of Anjou, which 

 was descended from Hugh Capet in the eighth 

 generation, possessed the throne of Naples for two 

 centuries, and, for some time, that of Hungary. An- 

 other descendant of Hugh Capet, in the tenth degree, 

 founded the house of Navarre, which continued from 

 1328 so 1425. A second family of Anjou, descended 

 from Hugh Capet in the thirteenth degree, gave 

 some distinguished princes to Provence. In the same 

 degree, the younger line of the powerful dukes of 

 Burgundy derived its origin from him. This line 

 became extinct with the death of Charles the Bold, 

 in 1477, whose successor, Maria, married Maximilian, 

 archduke of Austria, and became grandmother of 

 Charles V. All these lines, with the exception of 

 that of Burgundy, are descended from Anna Jaros- 

 lawna, a Russian princess, wife of Henry I., in 1051. 

 Robert, earl of Clermont, second son of St Louis, 

 married Beatrice, duchess of B. In this way the city 

 of B., rArchambaud, or B. les Bains, in the depart- 

 ment of Allier (formerly Hourbonnais), became the 

 birthplace of the house of B., and Louis I., duke of 

 B., son of Robert and Beatrice, its founder. Two 

 branches took their origin from the two sons of this 

 Louis duke of B., who died in 1341. The elder line 

 was that of the dukes of B., which became extinct at 

 the death of the constable of B., in 1527, in the as- 

 sault of the city of Rome. The younger was that of 

 the counts of La Marche, afterwards counts and 

 dukes of Vendome. Of these, Charles duke of Ven- 

 dome, who died in 1537, had two sons, who became 

 the founders of the following lines. Anthony of 

 Navarre, father of Henry IV., is the origin of the 

 royal house of B. ; the elder line of which, up to the 

 late revolution, governed France, and branches of the 

 same rule in Spain (since 1701), in the Two Sicilies 

 (where a branch of the Spanish Bourbons was esta- 

 blished in 1735), and in Lucca (Parma was ceded to 

 the last branch in 1748) ; the younger line is the du- 

 cal house of Orleans, which was elevated to the throne 

 of France by the revolution of 1830. From the other 

 son, Louis, is derived the ducal family of Conde, 

 which is divided into the houses of Conde and of Conti. 

 The first French revolution overthrew the house ol 

 Capet from 1792 to 1814 in France; from 1808 to 

 1814 in Spain; from 1806 to 1815 in Naples; from 

 1801 to 1817 in Parma ; and also in Etruria, where 

 a Bourbon ruled, by means of Napoleon, from 1801 

 to 1807. The throne of Ferdinand IV. alone was 

 upheld by the British at Palermo. After the fall o 

 Napoleon, in 1814, the Bourbons succeeded again 

 lo the throne of France. The history of the Bourbon 

 race is connected with a great part of the history o 

 Europe. 



We shall here give a general view of the family o 

 B. After the death of Charles IV. the Fair, the las 

 of the old branch of the Capets, in 1328, the house 

 of Valois came to the throne in the person of Philip 

 IV. This house became extinct in 1589, by the mur 

 der of Henry III. Henry IV. of B. (king of Navar 

 re N /, a descendant of Louis I., duke of B., in the 

 eighth degree, succeeded to the throne by right o 

 inheritance, and maintained his power by his own 

 personal greatness. His father, Anthony, had ob 

 tained the kingdom of Navarre through his wife, who 

 inherited it, and Henry now added it to the French 

 dominions. Anthony's younger brother, Louis, prince 



f Cond6, was the founder of the line of Conde. 

 There were, therefore, two chief branches of the 

 Bourbons the royal, and that of Conde. The royal 

 >ranch was divided by the two sons of Louis XII I., 

 he elder of whom, Louis XIV., continued the chief 

 )ranch, which, under his descendants Louis (the 

 lauphin) and Philip V., was separated into the elder 

 jr royal French branch, and the younger or royal 

 Spanish branch ; whilst the younger, Philip I., 

 bunded the house of Orleans, when he received the 

 duchy of Orleans from Louis XIV. The kings of the 

 Her or French line of the house of B. run in this 

 way : Henry IV., Louis XIII., XIV., XV., XVL, 

 XVII., XVI1L, and Charles X. (For the kings of 

 .he younger royal branch, see Spain.) The house of 

 3. consisted, in 1826, of the following branches and 

 members : 



A. The late royal French line. 1. Charles X.; 2. his 

 son, Louis Anthony, dauphin, duke of Angouleme ; 

 3. the dauphiness, daughter of Louis XVI., Maria 

 Theresa Charlotte, born Dec. 19, 1778; 4. Caro- 



ine Ferdinande Louise, born 1793, widow of the 

 duke of Berri, second son of the ex-king Charles X., 

 murdered in 1820, has a daughter, Louise, mademoi- 

 selle de Franc^jbom Sept. 21, 1819, and a son, Henry, 

 duke of Bourdeaux, born Sept 29, 1820. 



B. The house of Bourbon in Spain, and its branch 

 in Italy, founded by Philip V., second grandson of 

 Louis'XIV. (This line, by compact, stands,- in the 

 order of succession to the throne of France, next after 

 that of Orleans.) I. The children of Charles IV., 

 king of Spain (died at Naples, Jan. 19, 1819,) and his 

 wife, Maria Louisa of Parma (died at Rome, Jan. 2, 

 1819). These are as follows: 1. Charlotte, born 

 1775, queen-dowager of Portugal, whose son, Peter 

 of Alcantara, formerly emperor of Brazil, married Leo- 

 poldine, second daughter of Francis I., emperor of 

 Austria ; 2. the son of his daughter Maria Louisa, 

 queen-dowager of Etruria (died March 13, 1824), 

 Charles Louis, born at Madrid, 1799, duke of Lucca 

 (afterwards *of Parma), who married the second 

 daughter of Victor Emanuel, former king of Sardinia, 

 andoy her had a son, Ferdinand, Jan. 14, 1823; 3. 

 Ferdinand VII. king of Spain ; 4. Charles, infant of 

 Spain, born 1788, married Maria Francisca, third 

 daughter of the late king of Portugal, who has 

 born him two sons Charles, born Jan. 31, 1818, 

 and Ferdinand, October 19, 1824; 6. Isabella, 

 born 1789, second wife of Francis I., king of 

 the Sicilies, had five sons and six . daughters ; 6. 

 Francis of Paula, infant of Spain, born at Madrid, 

 1794, married, in 1819, his niece, Louisa, second 

 daughter of Francis I., king of the Two Sicilies, by his 

 second wife, Isabella ; he has had two sons Francis, 

 duke of Cadiz, born at Madrid, May 18, 1822, and 

 Charles, duke of Seville, bom June 12, 1824. II. 

 Brothers of Charles IV. 1. Ferdinand I., king of 

 the Two Sicilies, died Jan. 4, 1825. His children 

 by his first wife, Caroline of Austria, are, a. the pre- 

 sent king, Francis I., whose daughter, by his first 

 marriage with Clementina of Austria, is Caroline, 

 widow of the duke of Berri and mother of the duke 

 of Bourdeaux ; b. Christina, wife of Charles Felix, 

 who became king of Sardinia in 1821 ; <\ Amalie, 

 wife of the duke of Orleans, Louis Philip (present 

 king of the French), mother of nine living children ; 

 d. Leopold, prince of Salerno, married Maria Cle- 

 mentina, third daughter of the emperor Francis I. 2. 

 Gabriel Anthony Francis Xavier, infant of Spain, died 

 in 1788; his son Peter married Theresa, eldest 

 daughter of the king of Portugal, died in 1812, at 

 Rio Janeiro, leaving a son Sebastian Maria, infant of 

 Spain, born in 1811. From the marriage of the 



I brother f Charles III., Louis Anthony J;:cob, with 

 Theresa of Ballabriga and Drummond, duchess o/ 



