743 



BUDDHA BUDGELL. 



lies at L;o i'oot of the hill, and is connected with Pest 

 by a bridge of boats ; of the Neustift, in which is the 

 remarkable Trinity pillar, fifty-two feet high ; and 

 of the Taban, called, in German, liuitzt-Hstmtt, from 

 being almost entirely occupied by the Ruscians, a 

 Sclavonian race. There ure three other parts in- 

 habited by Germans and Hungarians. The popula- 

 tion is 28,500, exclusive of the court of the palatine, 

 the officers of government, the military, and the clergy. 

 Among the public buildings are the. royal fortress, in 

 which the. crown is kepi, the arsenal, the cannon 

 foundery, the new observatory on the Blocksberg. 

 The trade in wine, which the environs produce of an 

 excellent quality, is the chief occupation of the in- 

 habitants. There are also manufactures of silk, lea- 

 ther, tobacco, copper, and iron. The baths are effi- 

 cacious in palsy, weakness of limbs, and similar 

 complaints. The castle was chosen as a place of 

 residence by the emperor Louis 1. ; and king Mat- 

 thias I. founded the library, which was destroyed by 

 the Turks, in whose hands B. remained from 1530 

 till KJSG, when it was taken by storm by the duke of 

 Lorraine. The castle was then destroyed, but was 

 rebuilt by the empress Maria Theresa for the univer- 

 sity, which was removed from Tyrnau to Buda in 

 1777, and which has subsequently been removed to 

 Pest. Lon. 19 2* E. ; lat 47 30" N. ; distant 120 

 miles S. E. from Vienna. 



BUDDHA, the founder of a very ancient religion, 

 called after him. His worship, after the Bramins had 

 put a stop to it in India, spread to Japan, Thibet, and 

 China, where, as well as in Ceylon, it exists at the 

 present day. Ritter, in his Forhallen Europaischer 

 volker geschichten (Introduction to the Histories of the 

 European Nations), advances the opinion, that the 

 Buddhists also migrated to the N. W. to the shores of 

 the Black sea, to Colchis, to the modern Mingrelia, 

 and thence to Thrace, where they kid the foundation 

 of the civilization of the Pelasgi and Hellenes. Even 

 in the doctrine of Asa, iii the extreme north, traces of 

 Buddhism have been thought to appear. According 

 to Abel Remusat, who cites the Japan Encyclopedia, 

 in the Journal des Savans, Jan., 1821, Buddha, 

 whose historical name was Tshakia muni, was born 

 under the reign of Tshao-wang, of the dynasty of 

 Tsheu, 1029 B. C., and died under the reign of Mou- 

 wang, 950 B. C. Before his death, he intrusted his dis- 

 ciple Mahakaya, aBramin in the kingdom of Makata, 

 which lay in the centre of India, with his mysteries. 

 This Mahakaya, who lived under Hio-wang, 950 

 B. C., is the first saint or patriarch of Buddhism, 

 which was left by him to his successor, Ananta. The 

 Japan Encyclopedia enumerates thirty-three patri- 

 archs, including Mahakaya, in chronological succes- 

 sion, each of whom chose his successor, and trans- 

 mitted to him the secret doctrine of Tshakia-muni, 

 who was afterwards worshipped as a god, under the 

 name of Buddha. Several of them died (or, to use 

 the language of the Buddhists, emigrated) voluntarily 

 in the flames. Among them, Maming, the successor 

 of Buddha (by the Chinese called Phu-sa ; in San- 

 scrit, Deva-Bodhisatua), who gave names to the gods 

 of the second class, was worshipped as his son, born 

 from his mouth, because he perfected the doctrine of 

 Buddha by his own philosophy, which is a metaphysi- 

 cal allegorical mysticism. His epoch must be fixed, 

 according to the above mentioned work, in 332, under 

 the reign of Hian-wang, 618 years after the death of | 

 Tshakia-muni. The twenty- eighth patriarch, Bodh- 

 idhorma, was the last who lived in Hindostan. He 

 afterwards fixed his residence in China, near the 

 famous mountain Sung. He died A. D. 495. The 

 secret of his doctrine was left by him to a Chinese, 

 who was the twenty-ninth patriarch. After him, the 

 abovementioned book gives the names of four 



Chinese, who succeeded to the same dignity. The 

 last of them died A. D. 713. Their history, like that 

 of many other saints, is mixed with fables : their 

 manner of living was the same as what the ancients 

 report to us of the Gymnosophists and Saiuaneans. 

 They devoted themselves to religious exercises and 

 constant contemplation, and condemned themselves to 

 the most severe abstinence ; nay, several of them, as 

 we have mentioned, sealed their belief in the trans- 

 migration of souls with a voluntary death. From that 

 Indian patriarchate originated, A. D. 70C, the sacer- 

 dotal dignity, which is common in China, and among 

 the Monguis, with the title spiritual prince of the 

 law. These priests are, at the same time, a sort of 

 confessors to the emperors. From this priesthood 

 afterwards sprang the hereditary dignity of Grand 

 Lama, in Thibet ; and, in process of time, the whole 

 hierarchal system, when the monastical life of the 

 Buddhists required regular superiors, or inferior 

 lamas. Besides many other monuments of the an- 

 cient worship of Buddha, there are two particularly 

 remarkable the ruins of the gigantic temple Boro- 

 Budor, in Java, with works of sculpture ; and the 

 five large subterranean halls, called Pantsh-Pandu, 

 probably an old temple of the Buddhists, near the 

 city of Bang, on the way from Guzurat to Malwa. 

 Tradition ascribes these astonishing works of ancient 

 Indian architecture and sculpture, which far surpass 

 the skill of the modern Hindoos, to the Pandus, the 

 heroes of Indian mythology. An accurate description 

 of these monuments is contained in the second volume 

 of the Transactions of the learned society of Bombay 

 (London, 1819.) 



BUDE, Guillaume; more generally known under 

 the Latin form Budaeus ; one of the greatest French 

 scholars of his time, was born at Paris in 1467, and 

 died in 1540. He was royal librarian, and master of 

 requetes. From his twenty-fourth year he devoted 

 himself to study with the greatest zeal, in particular 

 to belles-lettres, to mathematics, and to Greek. 

 Among his philosophical, philological, and juridical 

 works, his treatise De Asse et Partitws efus, and his 

 commentaries on the Greek language, are of the 

 greatest importance. By his influence the college 

 royal de France was founded. He enjoyed, not only 

 as a scholar, but also as a man and citizen, the great- 

 est esteem. His works appeared at Bale, 1557, 4 

 vols. folio. 



BUDKSSIN. See Bautzen. 



BUDGELL, Eustace, an ingenious writer, was born at 

 St Thomas, near Exeter, about 1685, and educated at 

 Christ church, Oxford ; after which he went to Lon- 

 don, and was entered of the Inner Temple, where his 

 inclinations led him to neglect his profession, and 

 study polite literature. During his stay here, he con- 

 tracted a friendship with Addison, who, in 1717, 

 when principal secretary of state in England, procured 

 for B. the place of accountant and comptroller-general 

 of the revenue in Ireland. He lost these places 

 when the duke of Bolton was appointed lord-lieuten- 

 ant, in 1718, by a lampoon on his grace. He then 

 returned to England, where, in 1720, he lost 

 20,000 by the South sea bubble. He afterwards 

 tried to get into parliament, and spent 5,000 more 

 in unsuccessful attempts, which completed his ruin. 

 In 1727 the duchess dowager of Marlborough gave 

 him 10,000 for the purpose of getting him into par- 

 liament ; but his attempts were ineffectual. In 1733 

 he commenced a weekly paper, called the Bee, which 

 was very popular. On the death of doctor Tindal, 

 the author of Christianity as old as the Creation, 

 2,000 was left to B. by his will. This snm was so 

 disproportionate to the testator's circumstances, and 

 the legacy so contrary to his known intentions, that 

 suspicions arose respecting the authenticity of the 



