752 



BULIMIA BULLETIN. 



are raised in abundance, and the province is const- 

 dered by the Turks the granary of Constantinople. 

 About Phiiippopoli are large rice farms. A very fine 

 wool is brought from the pastures near Nicopoli, and 

 silk, honey, wax, and tobacco are inipuriant, articles 

 of produce. Dobrudsha, the sandy plain on the 

 Black sea, is famous for its horses, which are small, 

 but strong and well-shaped. Some of the principal 

 towns, besides those already mentioned, are Silistria, 

 taken by the Russians, June 28, 1829, 216 miles N. 

 of Constantinople, Brailow, Varna, Ciuunla,or Schum- 

 la, which have been the objects of violent contest be- 

 tween the Russians and Turks. 



Bulgarians, or / 'otilgaritins ; an ancient Turkish 

 or Tartar nation, which, in the fourth century, was 

 .-fit led on the Volga. The ruins of their former capi- 

 tal may still be seen in the neighbourhood of Kazan. 

 Their kingdom, which occupied a part of the Asiatic 

 Sarmatia of the Greeks, is called Great Bulgaria, and 

 is now comprehended in the Russian government of 

 Orenburg. They afterwards removed to the countries 

 between the Bog and the Danube, and called their 

 territories Second Bulgaria, They passed the Danube 

 in 539, made themselves masters of the coasts of the 

 Black sea, as far as mount Ila-iniis, subdued the Scla- 

 vonic tribes of that region, and founded the kingdom of 

 Black Bulgaria. They penetrated Thrace, Macedonia, 

 and Thessaly, and their wars with the Greek empire 

 were very sanguinary. Whole provinces were re- 

 duced to deserts, called Bulgarian forests, and the 

 Greeks, not less barbarous, put out the eyes of 15,000 

 Bulgarian prisoners in one day. Their kingdom 

 which extended, in 1010, over Macedonia, Albania, 

 and Servia, was destroyed by the emperor Basil II., 

 and the dispersed tribes took refuge in Turkey, in 

 1185. Those who remained in B. revolted, and 

 formed, with the Walachians, a new kingdom, which 

 was sometimes the ally and sometimes the vassal of 

 the Byzantine empire, until it was finally conquered 

 by the Ottomans, in the 14th century. 



BULIMIA. The persons attacked by this disorder 

 are tormented with an insatiable hunger. When their 

 stomach is surfeited, they are seen to faint, and throw 

 off the food which they have taken, half-digested, and 

 with violent pain. It usually appears as a concomi- 

 tant of other diseases. It occurs during certain in- 

 termittent fevers, in certain diseases of the stomach 

 and bowels, particularly in such as are produced by 

 the tape-worm ; and is also common after fevers, by 

 which the strength of the patient is exhausted. In 

 this last case, it arises from the effort of all parts of 

 the body to supply the lost flesh and strength. In 

 certain cases, however, the extraordinary desire for 

 food seems to be caused by a particular condition of 

 the stomach, which digests with too great rapidity. 

 This is observed sometimes in women during their 

 pregnancy, in young people who exercise too violent- 

 ly, and in persons who take much high-seasoned and 

 heating food. In this case, the desire is not to be 

 considered as a disease, but only as an excessive ap- 

 petite. As a disease, its consequences are dreadful 

 leanness, pulmonary fevers, consumption, constipation, 

 dropsy. 



BPLKH, or BALKH. See Afghanistan. 



BULK-HEADS; certain partitions or walls built up 

 in several places of a ship between two decks, either 

 lengthwise or across, to form and separate the various 

 apartments. 



BULL ; the name applied to the males of all the 

 species of ox (bos, L.) See Ox. 



BULL ; an instrument, ordinance, or decree of the 

 pope, t?ating of matters of faith or the affairs of the 

 church, written on parchment, and provided with a 

 lead seal. The word was originally the name of the 

 seal itself. The papal bulls are commonly designated 



by the words with which they Iwgin ; r. g., the bulls 

 In etena Domini, Cum inter, Unigenitus, Asccndentc. 

 c. A collection of bulls is called biillury. Certain 

 ordinances of the German emperors are also called 

 bulls. The golden bull, emphatically so called, from 

 the seal attached to it being in a gold box, is that 

 fundamental law of the German empire enacted by 

 the emperor Charles IV., in two diets, held in suc- 

 cession, in 1356, at Nuremberg and at Metz, with 

 the assistance of the electors, and, in part, with the 

 assent of the empire. The chief design of the golden 

 bull was to fix, with certainty, the manner of electing 

 the emperor, and whatever wns connected with it. 

 Another object was to check the lawless violence of 

 the times, which was not, however, tlTen effected. 

 For an account of the particular bulls of importance, 

 see the separate articles. 



BULL-BAITING ; the barbarous sport of setting dogs 

 on a bull, who is tied to a stake, with the points of 

 his horns muffled, and torn to death for the amuse- 

 ment of the spectators. Bears and badgers are bait- 

 ed, even at the present day, in the cock-pits in Lou 

 don, and dog- fights also are exhibited in the same 

 places. 



BULL-DOG ; a variety of the common dog, calk-: I, 

 by naturalists, cauis molossus, remarkable for Us 

 short, broad muzzle, and the projection of its lowr 

 jaw, which causes the lower front teetli to protrude 

 beyond the upper. The condyles of the jaw are 

 placed above the line of the upper grinding teeth. 

 The head is massive and broad, and the frontal sinuses 

 large. The lips are thick and pendulous ; the ears 

 pendant at the extremity ; the neck robust and short ; 

 the body long and stout, and the legs short an'l 

 thick. The bull-dog is a slow-motioned ferocious 

 animal, better suited for savage combat, than tor any 

 purpose requiring activity and intelligence. For this 

 reason, he is generally employed to guard houses, 

 especially by the butchers, tanners, c., and thi 

 office he performs with great fidelity. The butchers 

 use bull-dogs in catching and throwing down cattle ; 

 and it is surprising to see the apparent ease with 

 which the dog will seize an ox by the nose, and hold 

 him perfectly still, or throw him on his side, at his 

 master's command. In fighting with other dogs, or 

 in attacking animals capable of exciting their fury, 

 bull-dogs display the most ferocious and indomitable 

 spirit. It is stated, in the Sporting Calendar, that 

 they have suffered their limbs to be cut off, while thus 

 engaged, without relinquishing their hold on the 

 enemy. They become very vicious, and sometimes 

 extremely dangerous, as they advance in years, in- 

 flicting dreadful bites for the slightest provocation. 

 Indeed, at no period of their lives, will bull-dogs 

 allow even their masters to take liberties with them. 



BULLEN, Anne. See Boleyn. 



BULLERS OF BUCHAN, or BOILERS OF B. ; a large oval 

 cavity in the rocks on the coast of Aberdeenshire, 

 150 feet deep. Boats enter under a natural arch, 

 near which is a large rock, separated by a deep 

 chasm from the land. Through an aperture, in the 

 middle of this rock, the waves rush with a tremend- 

 ous noise. 



'BULLETIN (French; diminutive of bulla); an official 

 report, giving an account of the actual condition of 

 some important affair ; thus the bulletin of the army, 

 of his majesty's health, &c. It has acquired great 

 celebrity by the brilliant despatches issued from the 

 French head-quarters, under this name, during the 

 imperial domination. All Europe and America 

 echoed with their accents of blood and victory, until 

 the 29th bulletin of the grand army announced that 

 the tide was rolled back, and that Paris was to share 

 the fate <*f the other capitals of Europe. 



BULLETIN UNIVEHSEL DBS SCIENCES ET DE L'INDUS- 



