754 



BULOW BITRCHIELLO. 



Brmy, under the crown prince of Sweden, and saved 

 Berlin a second time by the memorable victory of 

 Grosbeeren, Aug. 23. lit- relirvtd th<- s;mie city a 

 third time, by tlie great victory at Dennewitz. (q. v.) 

 For this service, the king made him one of the few 

 grand knights of the iron cross, and, nfier the end of 

 the campaign, bestowed on him the tide count JBulow 

 of Dennewitz, and made the same hereditary in his 

 family. At the storming of LHpsic, Oct. 19, he took 

 an important part. He distinguished himself equally 

 in \\Vstphalia, Holland, Belgium, on the Rhine, at 

 I.;, on, and took Soissons and Lafere. After the 

 peace, he was commander-in-chief in East Prussia 

 and Lithuania. At the opening of the campaign of 

 1815, he received the chief command of the fourth 

 division of the army, with which he contributed so 

 essentially to the victory of Waterloo, that the king 

 gave him the command of the 15th regiment of the 

 line, which was to bear, in future, the name of the 

 regiment of Bulow von Dennewitz. Jan. 11, 1816, he 

 resumed the chief command in Konigsberg, in Prus- 

 sia, and died there, Feb. 25, 1816. B. was highly 

 esteemed, both as a citizen and as a man. He had 

 learned the art of war, in early youth, scientifically, 

 and continued the same study with unremitting dili- 

 gence, throughout his military course. He was also 

 devoted to literature and the fine arts. Music espe- 

 cially attracted him, and he composed many motets, a 

 mass, and the 51st and 100th psalms. 



BCLOW, Henry von, born at Falkenberg, in Bran- 

 denburg, 1770, studied in the military academy at 

 Berlin, and afterwards entered the Prussian service. 

 But he soon retired, and occupied himself with the 

 study of Polybius, Tacitus, and J. J. Rousseau, and 

 then served for a short period in the Netherlands. 

 He afterwards undertook to establish a theatre, but 

 immediately abandoned his project, and visited the 

 United States ; from whence he returned poor in 

 purse, but rich in experience, and became an author. 

 His first work was OH the Art of War, in which he 

 displayed uncommon talents. He wrote a book on 

 Money, translated the Travels of Mungo Park, and 

 published, in 1801, his History of the Campaign of 

 1800. In 1804, he wrote Lehrsatze des neuern 

 Krieges (Theory of modern Warfare), and several 

 other military works, among which is Tactics of the 

 Moderns as they should be. In the former, he 

 points out the distinction between strategy and tac- 

 tics, and makes the triangle the basis of all mili- 

 tary operations. This principle of his was opposed 

 by Jomini, and other French writers. His history of 

 the war of 1805 occasioned his imprisonment in Prus- 

 sia, at the request of the Russian and Austrian courts. 

 He died in 1807, of a nervous fever, in the prison of 

 Riga. He was a follower of Swedenbourg. 



BULWARK. See Bastion. 



BUM-BOAT; a small boat used to sell vegetables, 

 &c., to ships lying at a distance from shore. 



BUNDELCUND ; a district of Allahabad, lying between 

 24 and 26 N. lat. The country is mountainous and 

 stony, and produces all kinds of fruit. It was ceded 

 by the Mahrattas to the British in 1804, by whom it 

 was annexed to the province of Benares. It is famous 

 for the diamonds of Paunah. Square miles 11,000. 

 Chief towns, Banda, which is the residence of the 

 officers of government ; Callinger, &c. 



BUNGALOW ; an East Indian term for a house with 

 a thatched roof. 



BUNCO ; a kingdom in Japan, and one of the most 

 considerable in the island of Bungo, or Ximo. The 

 rapital is Fumay. The king of Bungo was baptized 

 by the name of Francis Civan, and sent a solemn em 

 bassy to pope Gregory XIII., in the year 1582. Lon. 

 132o E. ; lat. 32 40' N. 



BUNK is a word used in America, to signify a case 



or cabin of boards for a bed. Thus, in the army, the 

 s.olilii-r's birth is called the bunk. 



BUNKER HILL. See Cltarlestown. 



BUNT ; the middle part or cavity of the principal 

 square-sails, as the main-sail, fore-sail, c. If one 

 of them be supposed to be divided into four equal 

 parts, from one side to the other, the two middle di- 

 visions, which comprehend half of the sail, form the 

 limits of the bunt 



BUNTING ; a thin woollen stuff, of which the colours 

 and signals of a ship are usually formed. 



BUNYAN, John, author of the Pilgrim's Progress, 

 was the son of a tinker, and was born at the village 

 of Elston. near Bedford, in 1628. He followed his 

 father's employment, and, for some time, led a wan- 

 dering, dissipated life. During the civil war, lie 

 served as a soldier in the army of the parliament ; 

 and the danger to which he was then exposed proba- 

 bly brought him to reflection, in consequence of which 

 h\s conduct became reformed, and his mind impressed 

 with a deep sense of the truth and importance of re- 

 ligion. He joined a society of Anabaptists at Bed- 

 ford, and at length undertook the office of a public 

 teacher among them. Acting in defiance of the se- 

 vere laws enacted against dissidents from the estab- 

 lished church, soon after the restoration, B. incurred 

 the sentence of transportation ; which was not exe- 

 cuted, as he was detained in prison more than twelve 

 years, and at last liberated through the charitable 

 interposition of Dr Barlow, bishop of Lincoln. To 

 this confinement he owes his literary fame ; for, in the 

 solitude of his cell, his ardent imagination, brooding 

 over the mysteries of Christianity, the miraculous nar- 

 ratives of the sacred scripture, and the visions of Jew- 

 ish prophets, gave birth to that admired religious al- 

 legory, the Pilgrim's Progress a work which, like 

 Robinson Crusoe, has remained unrivalled amidst a 

 host of imitators. His Holy War made by Shaddai 

 upon Diabolus, his other religious parables, and his 

 devotional tracts, which are numerous, are now de- 

 servedly consigned to oblivion. There is a curious 

 piece of auto-biography of B. extant, entitled, Grace 

 abounding to the Chief of Sinners. On obtaining his 

 liberty, B. resumed his functions as a minister at Bed- 

 ford, and became extremely popular. He died during 

 a visit to London, in 1688. 



BUOXAPARTE. See Bonaparte. 



BUONAROTTI, Michelangelo. See Angela. 



BUOY ; any floating body employed to point out the 

 particular situation of any thing under water, as of a 

 ship's anchor, a shoal, &c. The can buoy is of a 

 conical form, and painted with some conspicuous 

 colour ; it is used for pointing out shoals, sand-banks, 

 &c. The cask buoy is in the form of a cask ; the 

 larger are employed for mooring, and are called 

 mooring buoys , the smaller for cables, and are 

 known as cable buoys. The buoy-rope fastens the 

 buoy to the anchor, and should be about as long as 

 the depth of the water where the anchor lies; it 

 should also be strong enough to draw up the anchor 

 in case the cable should break. The life or safety 

 buoy is intended to keep a person afloat till he can be 

 taken from the water. It should be suspended from 

 the stern of the ship, and let go as soon as any person 

 falls overboard. A light may be attached to it, both 

 to indicate its position to the individual in danger, and 

 to direct the course of the boat sent to relieve him, if 

 the accident happens by night. 



BURATS. See Buriats. 



BURCHIELLO, Domenico; an eccentric poet. Of 

 the circumstances of his life we know but little. 

 He lived, at the beginning of the fifteenth century, at 

 Florence, where he was probably born. He was the 

 son of a barber named Giovanni, and was called, ori- 

 ginally, only Domenico. He assumed the name of B. 



