BURGOMASTER BUR GUN DIANS. 



757 



nntil night, as where he breaks into it during the 

 night. The British statute 7 & 8 Geo. IV., c. 29, 

 makes the punishment death ; and this statute, pur- 

 suing that of 12 Anne, c. 7, makes the committing a 

 felony in a house, and breaking out of it by night, 

 burglary. This statute of Gep. IV. also alters the 

 definition of the crime, by substituting dwelling for 

 mansion-house. It also defines what shall be con- 

 sidered as part of the house, saying, that no building 

 within the same curtilage, and occupied with the 

 dwelling-house, shall be deemed a part of it for this 

 purpose, " unless there shall be a communication" 

 with the house " by means of a covered and enclosed 

 passage." This provision clears up a doubt that had 

 Imng over the former law. This act also provides 

 's. 12), that, " if any person shall break and enter a 

 house and steal," &c., or "shall steal any property in 

 any dwelling-house, any person therein being put in 

 fear" or " shall steal to the value of 5," he shall 

 suffer death ; and it does not appear, by Mr Collier's 

 edition of the criminal statutes, 1828, that any distinc- 

 tion is made, in this section, as to the offence being by 

 day or night. This crime is punishable, under the 

 French code (Penal, lib. 3, tit. 2, c. 2, s. 1, No. 381, 

 383), either by death or by hard labour for life, ac- 

 cording to the circumstances of aggravation. 



BURGOMASTER ; the name of the chief magistrates 

 of large towns in the Netherlands and Germany. 

 Their number and term of office are different in dif- 

 ferent places. They are sometimes chosen for life, 

 sometimes for a fixed period. They preside in the 

 municipal counsels, &c. The same officer, in France, 

 is called maire ; in England and the cities of North 

 America, mayor ; and in Scotland, provost. 



BURGOS ; a city of Spain, the capital of Old Castile, 

 and once the residence of its kings. It stands on the 

 declivity of a hill, on the right bank of the Arlanzon. 

 The streets are narrow and dark. It contains a col- 

 lege, numerous cluirches and convents, and a popula- 

 tion of about 10,000. The cathedral, one of the 

 most beautiful Gothic structures in Spain, was built in 

 the 13th century, and, as well as some of the other 

 churches, contains splendid mausoleums. It is so 

 large, that service can be performed in eight chapels 

 at once, without confusion. The wool of Old Castile 

 passes principally through B., and it has some woollen 

 manufactures. It was captured by the English in 

 1813. Lat. 42 21' N. ; Ion. 2 40' W. 



BCRGOYNE, John; an English general officer and 

 dramatist. He was the natural son of lord Birigly, 

 and entered early into the army. In 1762, he com- 

 manded a force sent into Portugal for the defence of 

 that kingdom against the Spaniards. He also distin- 

 guished himself, in the American war, by the taking 

 of Ticonderoga, but was, at last, obliged to surrender, 

 with his army, to general Gates at Saratoga. He 

 was elected into parliament for Preston, in Lancashire, 

 but, refusing to return to America, pursuant to his 

 convention , was dismissed the service. He published 

 some pamphlets in defence of his conduct, and is the 

 author of three dramas, the Maid of the Oaks, Bon 

 Ton, and the Heiress, all in the line of what is usu- 

 ally called genteel comedy, of which they form light 

 and pleasing specimens. 



BURGUETTA, or ELBURGUETTA ; a town of Spain, in 

 the valley of Ronceval, where the rear guard of Char- 

 lemagne's army was defeated by the Saracens, and 

 the famous Roland slain, A. D. 778 ; 24 miles N. E. 

 of Pampeluna. 



BURGCNDIANS. The Burgundians (called, by the 

 ancients, Burgundi, Burgundiones, Bumgttndi, Bu- 

 ganta, Bunticcce, and sometimes Urugundi), one of the 

 principal branches of the Vandals, can be traced back 

 to tlie country between the Oder and the Vistula, in 

 wliat is now the New Mark, and the southern part of 



West Prussia. They were distinguished from the 

 other Germans by living together in villages, burgen 

 (whence, perhaps, they received the name t)f Burgun- 

 dians). The others lived separately, and led a more 

 wandering life. This is probably the reason why they 

 retained possession of their country much longer than 

 the neighbouring Goths and Vandals, till, at length, 

 they were no longer able to withstand the Gepidae, 

 who pressed in upon them from the mouths of the 

 Vistula. In consequence of the loss of a great battle 

 with the Gepidze, they emigrated to Germany, where 

 they advanced to the region of the Upper Rhine, and 

 settled near the Allemanni. From them they took a 

 considerable tract of country, and lived in almost conti- 

 nual war with them. In the beginning of the 5th cen- 

 tury, with other German nations, they passed over into 

 Gaul. After a long struggle and many losses, they 

 succeeded in obtaining possession of the south-eastern 

 part of this country by a contract with the Romans. 

 A part of Switzerland, Savoy, Dauphiny, Lionnais, 

 and Franche-Comte belonged to their new kingdom, 

 which, even in the year 470, was known by the name 

 of Burgundy. The seat of government seems to have 

 been sometimes Lyons, and sometimes Geneva. 



By their old constitution, they had kings, called 

 hendinos, whom they chose and deposed at their plea- 

 sure.. If any great calamity befell them, as a failure 

 of the crops, a pestilence, or a defeat, the king was 

 made responsible for it, and his throne was given to 

 another, under whom they hoped for better times. 

 Before their conversion to Christianity (which hap- 

 pened after their settlement in Gaul), they had a high 

 priest, called sinestus, whose person was sacred, and 

 whose office was for life. The trial by combat even 

 then existed among them, and was regarded as an 

 appeal to the judgment of God. Continually endea- 

 vouring to extend their limits, they became engaged 

 in a war with the Franks, by whom they were finally 

 wholly subdued, under the son of Clovis, after Clovis 

 himself had taken Lyons. They still preserved their 

 constitution, laws, and customs for a time. But the 

 dignity of king was soon abolished, and, under the 

 Carlovingians, the kingdom was divided into pro- 

 vinces, which, from time to time shook off their de- 

 pendence. In 879, Boson, count of Autun, brother- 

 in-law of king Charles the Bald, and duke of Milan, 

 with the assent of the Burgundian nobles, succeeded 

 in establishing again the royal dignity in this king- 

 dom. He styled himself king of Provence. His re- 

 sidence was at Aries, and hence is derived the name 

 kingdom of Aries. He was deprived of several pro- 

 vinces by Louis and Carloman; but his son Louis 

 added to his hereditary possessions the country ly- 

 ing beyond the Jura, and thus established the 

 kingdom of Burgundy, Cis-Jurana, or Lower Bur- 

 gundy, which included a part of Provence, with 

 Aries, Dauphiny, Lionnais, Savoy, and a part of 

 Franche-Comte. A second kingdom of Burgundy 

 arose when the Guelph, Rodolph von Strettlingen 

 (duke of Swiss Lorraine), gained possession of the rest 

 of Lorraine, namely, Switzerland beyond the river 

 Reuss, the Valais, and a part of Savoy, and, in short, 

 all the provinces between the Jura and the Pennine. 

 Alps, and caused himself, in 883, to be crowned king 

 of Upper Burgundy (regnum Burgundicum Transju- 

 ranmn). Both Burgundian kingdoms were united 

 about the year 930, and, after the race of Rodolph 

 became extinct (1032) were incorporated with Ger- 

 many, under the emperor Conrad II. But a third 

 state, which had its origin about the same time with 

 Upper" Burgundy, consisting, principally, of the 

 French province Bourgogne (Burgundy, properly so 

 called), and the founder of which is said to have been 

 Richard, brother of Boson (first king of Lower Bur- 

 gundy); maintained its independence. From Lude- 



