753 



BURGUNDJANS BURGUNDY. 



gardis, grand-daughter of Richard, and her husband, 

 Otho. a urother of Hugh Capet, sprang the ancient 

 dukes of Burgundy (Bourgogne). They became ex- 

 tinct, in liiiil, with the death of duke Philip, and 

 Burgundy was immediately united by king John of 

 France, with the French crown, partly us a fief of 

 the kingdom, and partly because his mother was sis- 

 ter of the grandfather of the last duke. The dignity 

 of duke ot Burgundy was restored in 13(33, by his 

 grant of those domains, under the title of a dukedom, 

 ; * :iu appanage to his youngest and favourite son, 

 Philip the Bold. Philip was the founder of the in w 

 line of the dukes of Burgundy. In 1368, tie married 

 Margaret, the widow of the last duke of Philip of the 

 old line, only daughter and heiress of Louis III., count 

 of Flanders, whereby lie greatly augmented his posses- 

 sions. At tluit time, Flanders, Mechline, Antwerp, and 

 Fr.mrhe-Comt6 fell to him. In 1402, he was made 

 regent of France, on account of the sickness of Charles 

 V I . Louis, duke of Orleans, brother of the king, be- 

 ing obliged to yield to him this dignity, conceived a 

 bitter hatred against him. This was the occasion of 

 the famous division of the French into the Orleans 

 and Burgundian parties. In 1404, Philip died, and 

 was succeeded by his son, John the Fearless. Or- 

 leans now became regent of France. But both cou- 

 sins remained bitter enemies, till, under the walls of 

 Montfauqon, at the commencement of a civil war 

 (1405), they embraced each other in the sight of the 

 whole army, and, as a pledge of entire reconciliation, 

 slept in the same bed the following night. Neverthe- 

 less, Orleans was assassinated in the street in 1 407, and 

 duke John of Burgundy declared himself the author 

 of the deed, which was the melancholy cause of the 

 greatest disturbances in Paris. Indeed, John obtain- 

 ed a letter of pardon from the king ; but justice over- 

 took him as he was about to repeat the farce of a 

 public reconciliation with the dauphin, on the bridge 

 of Montereau. While the first words of salutation 

 were passing between them, he was stabbed by the 

 companions of the dauphin (1419). His son and suc- 

 cessor, Philip, surnamed the Good (previously count 

 of C'harolais), in the peace which was concluded be- 

 tween England and France and Burgundy (1420), 

 succeeded in effecting the exclusion of the dauphin, 

 as a punishment for the murder of duke John. In 

 the reign of Philip happened his memorable dispute 

 with Jacqueline of Brabant fcnd her second husband, 

 the duke of Gloucester, which was settled by a treaty, 

 by virtue of which Philip was to become the heir of 

 Jacqueline (if she died childless), and she was not to 

 marry without his consent. But Jacqueline violated 

 this last stipulation (1430), and Philip took possession 

 of her territories, Hainault, Holland, and Zealand, 

 setting aside a small portion for her maintenance. 

 The year before, Philip had purchased Namur, and, 

 in 1431, Brabant and Limburg reverted to him, when 

 the line of Anthony of Burgundy, second son of duke 

 Philip the Bold, became extinct. In the peace with 

 France (Arras, 1435), it was stipulated that king 

 Charles VII. should sue for pardon on account of the 

 murder of John, and that Philip should receive from 

 France tne valuable districts of Macon, St Gengou, 

 Auxerre, and Bar sur le Seine for himself and his 

 lawful male and female heirs ; Peronne, Mondidier 

 and Roye for his lawful male heirs ; and, further, St 

 Quentin, Corby, Amiens, Abbeville, Ponthieu, Dour- 

 Jens, St Riquier, Crevecoeur, Arleux, and Mortagne, 

 nd the county of Boulogne, for himself and his heirs. 

 To these important possessions he added also, in 1441, 

 the duchy of Luxemburg. In 1430, Philip had con- 

 tracted a third marriage, as his two former wives had 

 born him no children. On his marriage with Isa- 

 bella (Elizabeth), daughter of king John of Portugal, 

 al Bruges (q. v.), in Flanders, he founded the order of 



the golden fleece. Three sons sprang from this mar- 

 riage, of whom the two first soon d'ied. The third, 

 Charles count Cherolais, after the death of Philip (at 

 Bruges, July 16th, 1467), became duke of Burgundy. 

 See Charles the Bold. He acquired Gueldres in 1475, 

 and left behind him, in 1477, a daughter, Maria, the 

 sole heiress of his states. Seven princes were her 

 suitors, among whom were the dauphin of France 

 and Maximilian of Austria. The last obtained her 

 hand and the dukedom (the Netherlands and Upper 

 Burgundy). The king of France received, of the 

 Burgundian territory, nothing except the cities in 

 Picardy and the dukedom of Bourgogne,. which he as- 

 sumed as being a male fief. Maria died in her 25th year, 

 in consequence of a fall, leaving three children, Philip, 

 Margaret, and Francis, (who died soon after). The 

 Burgundian provinces would not all recognise Maxi- 

 milian as the guardian of his children. He betrothed 

 his daughter to the dauphin, Charles, with the county 

 of Artois and Burgundy, together with the Macon- 

 nais, Auxerrois, Satins, and Bar sur le Seine, as her 

 dowry. But his object, which was wholly to pacify 

 the provinces, was not attained. The people of Flan- 

 ders were particularly obstinate, and they went so far 

 that Maximilian, two years after his election as king 

 of the Romans (1488), was retained a prisoner at 

 Bruges for more than three months. Finally, the 

 people of Flanders acknowledged him as guardian of 

 his son Philip, and regent of the government. Bur- 

 gundy was, as we have seen above, separated into two 

 parts Burgundy Proper, and Upper Burgundy or 

 Franche Comt. The former was transferred from 

 Spain to France in the ladies' peace, so called, of Cam- 

 bray, 1529. (See Francis I.) The latter Louis XIV. 

 conquered, and retained at the peace of Nimeguen. 

 Since that time, the Burgundies have never been se- 

 parated from France. The baron Barante, peer of 

 France, published at Paris, in 1824, in 10 volumes, a 

 Histoire des Dues de Bourgogne de la Maison de Pa- 

 lois (13641477). 



BURGUNDY (called also Burgundy Proper, or Lower 

 Burgundy); formerly a province in the east of France, 

 lying on the west of Franche-Comte, and on the south 

 of Champagne. It was divided into the duchy of B. 

 and four counties. It now forms the four depart- 

 ments of Vonne, Cote-d'Or, Saone-et-Loire, and Ain, 

 containing, according to official tables for 1827, 

 1,570,463 inhabitants. It is watered by a number of 

 navigable rivers. The central canal joins the Loire 

 with theSaone; that of B. will connect the Seine and 

 the Rhone ; and that of Monsieur will unite the Saone 

 with the Rhine. B. is one of the most productive pro- 

 vinces in France. The plains are rich in arable land, 

 the sides of the hills are covered with vineyards and 

 fruit-trees, while the summits abound in pastures, wood, 

 and game. The principal product is wine. See Bur- 

 gundy fVines. Iron ore and other minerals are found 

 in the mountains. See Burgundians. 



BURGUNDY, circle of; one of the ten circles of the 

 German empire, as divided by Maximilian in 1512. 

 At first it comprised the Franche-Comte and the se- 

 venteen provinces of the Netherlands. The seven 

 Dutch provinces having declared themselves inde- 

 pendent, and the Franche-Comte being conquered by 

 France, the Spanish or Austrian Netherlands alone 

 composed the circle. 



BURGUNDY, Louis, duke of, was born at Versailles, 

 in 1682. His parents were the dauphin, son of Louis 

 XIV., and the princess Anne of Bavaria. In his 

 early childhood, he was stubborn, irascible, obstinate, 

 passionately fond of every kind of pleasure, and in- 

 clined to cruelty, severe in his satire, attacking with 

 great penetration the follies ot those about him. The 

 education of the prince was intrusted, in the seventh 

 year of his age, to Fenelon, Fleury, and Beauvilliers. 



