BURGUNDY BURIATS. 



759 



They succeeded in gaining his affection, and in giving 

 him a right turn of mind. From this alteration in his 

 character he, became amiable, humane, modest, and 

 faithful in the discharge of his duties. In 1 697, he mar- 

 ried the intelligent and amiable princess Adelaide of 

 Savoy, who was the ornament of her court, and was 

 beloved by her husband with the tenderest affection. 

 Jn 1699, Louis XIV. ordered an encampment at Com- 

 pu-gne for the instruction of his grandson, to whom, 

 in 1702, he gave the command ot the army in Flan- 

 ders, under tlie direction of marshal Boufflers. In a 

 uattle between the cavalry, near Nimeguen, he 

 showed determination and courage. Afterwards, un- 

 der the most difficult circumstances, he was appointed 

 commander-in-chief of all the forces in Flanders, but 

 with instructions which made him dependent on the 

 duke of Vendome ; Marlborough and prince Eugene 

 having command of the opposing army. The differ- 

 ences which arose between the prince and Vendome 

 drew after them the most disastrous consequences. 

 All France accused the prince as the author of these 

 misfortunes, censuring his timid character and his re- 

 ligious scruples. He, however, appears to have suc- 

 ceeded in justifying his conduct in the eyes of the 

 king. Vendome, on the contrary, who had behaved 

 very insolently towards the heir to the throne, fell 

 into disgrace, but was favoured by the opposition 

 party. In 1711, the duke of Burgundy became 

 dauphin, by the death of his father, and now began 

 to attract the attention of the court, and the confi- 

 dence of his sovereign, who appointed him a counsel- 

 lor of state. France expected, from the virtues and 

 excellent intentions of this prince, to enjoy a long and 

 general rest from her troubles ; but he was suddenly 

 taken away, Feb. 18, 1712, by a disease to which his 

 wife and eldest son had already fallen victims, the one 

 six, the other twenty days before. In less than one 

 year, France had seen three dauphins ; and the fourth, 

 the youngest son of the duke of Burgundy, and the 

 only heir to the throne, afterwards Louis XV., was 

 also in a dangerous situation. The public voice 

 loudly accused the duke of Orleans, afterwards regent, 

 as the cause of these misfortunes, of which, however, 

 Louis XIV. himself declared him innocent. 



BURGUNDY WINES are produced in the former pro- 

 vinces of Upper and Lower Burgundy (q. v.), in a soil 

 of a light black or red loam, mixed with the debris of 

 the calcareous rock on which it reposes. In richness 

 of flavour and perfume, and all the more delicate 

 qualities of the juice of the grape, they are inferior to 

 none in the world. It is to the great skill with which 

 the cultivation of the vine and the fermentation of the 

 liquor are managed, that they owe those generous 

 qualities, which gave to the dukes of Burgundy the 

 title of princes des ban vins, and which, as Petrarch 

 more than hints, contributed not a little to prolong 

 the stay of their holinesses at Avignon. They are 

 remarkable for their spirituosity and powerful aroma, 

 and are, therefore, more heating than some other 

 wines which contain more alcohol. The exhilaration 

 they produce is, however, more innocent than that re- 

 sulting from heavier wines. The finer wines of Bur- 

 gundy do not bear removal except in bottles ; and, as 

 they are not produced in great abundance, they are 

 rarely, if ever, met with in foreign countries. It is 

 the interior growths which are sold under that name. 

 The Burgundy wines are generally exported between 

 January and May, chiefly in double casks. They 

 keep only four or five years, and are very apt to 

 acquire a bitter taste, which Chaptal attributes 

 to the development of the acerb principle, and 

 Henderson to that of citric ether. It may some- 

 times be partially removed by new sulphuring and 

 fining. The most numerous are the red wines ot Bur- 

 gundy. The finest growths of these are the Romance- 



Conty, the Chambertin (the favourite of Louis XIV. 

 and Napoleon), the Closbougeot, the Richebourg, the 

 Romance de St Vivant, &c. They are distinguished 

 for their beautiful colour, and exquisite flavour and 

 aroma, combining more than any other wines light- 

 ness and delicacy with richness and fulness of body. 

 Of the second class are the vins de primeur, of which 

 the Volnay and Pomard are the best; those ot 

 Beaune, distinguished above all by their pure flavour, 

 and formerly considered the most choice of the Bur- 

 gundy wines ; the Macon wines, remarkable for their 

 strength and durability ; those of Tonnerre and 

 Auxerre, &c. The white wines of Burgundy are less 

 numerous but not inferior in aroma and flavour. The 

 famous Montrachet is equal to the finer red wines, and 

 is distinguished for its agreeably nutty flavour. Of 

 the second class are the Goutte d'or, so called from 

 the splendour of its tint; La Perriere, &c. See 

 Jullien's Classification des P'ins, and Henderson's 

 Ancient and Modern JVmes. 



BORIAL. Great care should be taken not to bury 

 the body too soon after death. The ancient nations 

 endeavoured to satisfy themselves, by many precau- 

 tions, that death had really taken place. The an- 

 cient Egyptians embalmed their dead; the Romans 

 cut off one of their fingers, before they burnt them ; 

 other nations repeatedly washed and anointed them. 

 Interments should never be allowed before the most 

 undoubted symptoms of putrefaction have taken place. 

 In many cases, it is troublesome, and even dangerous, 

 to keep the body long, as in case of contagious dis- 

 eases, or of want of room. In many places, to ob- 

 viate this inconvenience, houses are erected, where 

 the corpse is brought a few hours after the decease. 

 See Trance ; also Burying- Places and Sepulture. 



BURIATS, BURATS, or BcRATTi. This nomadic Tar- 

 tar nation consists of seventy seven tribes. They 

 submitted to the Russian sceptre in 1644, and form 

 the second principal branch of the Calmucs. They 

 rove about in the southern part of the government of 

 Irkutsk. Their number is upwards of 100,000. 

 They can furnish 32,000 archers, and choose their 

 own princes and elders. Their choice is confirmed, 

 however, by the government of Irkutsk. They sup- 

 port themselves by their flocks, by hunting, and the 

 mechanical arts, particularly the forging of iron. The 

 following represents the dress which they generally 

 wear It consists of leather, bordered with fur, and 

 ornamented with lacings : 



The Burials protect their huts, which are hexa- 

 gonal or octagonal, from heat and cold by covering 



