CACUS -CADIZ. 



737 



many, and of a pure white, and the great number o 

 recurved stamina surrounding the style in the centre 

 of the flower make a grand appearance. It generall; 

 flowers in July. 



CACTJS, in fabulous history ; a robber in Italy, the 

 terror of the Aventine wood, of the surrounding in 

 habitants, and of strangers, a monstrous giant, ac 

 cording to some, vomiting fire, of enormous strengt] 

 and terrible appearance, was the son of Vulcan. 

 deep, winding cavern was his residence, over the en 

 trance of which hung the heads and arms of those 

 whom he had slain. This cave he closed with a stone 

 which twenty pair of oxen could not remove. When 

 Hercules was driving the herds of Geryon througl 

 Italy, C. robbed him of some of them, and, to concea 

 their tracks, dragged them backwards into his cave 

 But their lowing Defrayed them ; upon which Her- 

 cules attacked the robber, and, after a terrible con- 

 flict (see Virgil's +Eneid, b. 8), killed him with his 

 club. To express his gratitude for his victory, Her- 

 cules erected the ara maxima, and Evander, with his 

 Arcadians, performed divine honours to Hercules as 

 their benefactor. 



CADALSO, Jose, a man of very respectable standing 

 among the later writers of Spain, was born at Cadiz, 

 in 1741, of an ancient and noble family, and educated 

 in Paris, where he made himself master of Greek and 

 Latin, and the principal languages of modern Europe. 

 He afterwards travelled through England, France, 

 Portugal, Germany, and Italy." At the age of twenty, 

 he returned home, and joined the Spanish forces then 

 employed against Portugal. He remained in the 

 army till his death, in 1782, attentive to his military 

 duties, though devoted to literature. He was the 

 friend of the most distinguished writers then living in 

 Spain, and, by his advice and example, contributed 

 much to bring out the talent of several among them. 

 He was killed by a shell at the siege of Gibraltar, in 

 1782. He is the author of Cartas Marruecas, a series 

 of letters written in the character of a Moorish tra- 

 veller in Spain, and containing reflections upon Span- 

 ish institutions and manners. It is a work of much 

 merit. C. also wrote a satire called Eruditos a la 

 Pioleta, in ridicule of sciolists ; also a tragedy, and 

 several poetical pieces under the title of Ocios de mi 

 Juventud. 



CADA MOSTO, or CA DA MOSTO, Louis da, an early 

 navigator, was born at Venice, about 1432. In 1454, 

 lie sailed in the ship of his countryman, Marco Zeno, 

 for Flanders. Contrary winds stopped the progress 

 of the vessel in the straits of Gibraltar, and she was 

 compelled to lie to near cape St Vincent, where 

 prince Henry had retired to devote himself to his 

 studies, and to promote discoveries along the coast of 

 Africa. C., a young man full of the spirit of enter- 

 prise, offered his services to the prince, and obtained 

 a ship of ninety tons. In 1455, he departed from 

 Lagos, sailed into the river Senegal, which had been 

 discovered five years before, proceeded yet farther 

 nlong the coast, and visited prince Darnel, whose 

 states extended from the Senegal to cape Verd. After 

 trading in slaves and gold, he steered for cape Verd, 

 where he joined two other discovery ships of the 

 prince, and visited, in company with them, the 

 mouths of the Gambia, the riches of which had been 

 greatly extolled. As they were attacked by the in- 

 habitants, and the mariners, weary of their long voy- 

 age, had become discouraged, the commanders were 

 compelled to return to Portugal. In 145C, C.. in 

 company with two other ships, made a second voyage 

 to the Gambia. On the way thither, they discovered 

 the cape Verd islands. When they entered into the 

 Gambia this time, they were well received ; but the 

 quantity of gold which they obtained did not answer 

 their expectations. The three ships continued their 



course as far as the river Casamansa and the Rio 

 Grande, and returned to Portugal. C. remained 

 there till 1463, in which year prince Henry died. The 

 description of his travels, Prima Navigazione per 

 V0cca.no alle Terre de' Negri delta Bassa Etiopia, di 

 Luigi Cada Mosto (Yicenza, 1507, and Milan, 1519), 

 the .oldest of the voyages of the moderns, is a 

 master-piece. The arrangement is admirable, the 

 narrative interesting, the descriptions clear and ac- 

 curate. 



CADE, John (better known as Jack Cade) ; a man 

 of low birth, who had been obliged to fly into France 

 for his crimes. Observing the discontents of the 

 people on his return to England (1450), in the reign 

 of Henry VI. (q. v.), he took the name of John Mor- 

 timer, published complaints against the abuses of go- 

 vernment, and soon found himself at the head of 

 20,000 men, common people of Kent. Having de- 

 feated a force sent against him, he advanced to Lon- 

 don, which opened its gates ; but the riotous disposi- 

 tion of his followers alarmed the citizens. They 

 drove out and defeated the rebels, who soon dispersed, 

 and Cade was killed by one Iden, a gentleman of 

 Kent. 



CADENCE, or REPRISE ; a pause or suspension at the 

 end of an air, to afford the performer an opportunity 

 of introducing a graceful extempore close. The 

 word cadence is also frequently applied to the embel- 

 lishment itself. 



CADAB IDRIS; a mountain of Wales; the com 

 mencement of a chain running north-easterly. There 

 are here several small lakes, abounding in fish. The 

 tieight of the mountain is 3550 feet above the level of 

 the sea. It is three miles south of Dolgelly, Merion- 

 ethshire. 



CADET (French) ; 1. a younger brother. 2. In the 

 French service, a cadet was a "gentleman who served 

 in the ranks without pay, for the purpose of learning 

 ;he art of war. 3. It is now applied in Britain and 

 the North American United States, to the pupils of a 

 military academy. 



CADET DE VAUX, Antoine Alexis, a chemist, mem- 

 Jer of the French college de pharmacie, and of many 

 earned German societies, born in Paris, 1743, was at 

 irst an apothecary, but for many years devoted him- 

 self to agriculture. He discussed the effect of the 

 destruction of mountain forests in diminishing the, 

 copiousness of the springs in the valleys, the improve- 

 ment of vineyards, the cultivation of foreign plants, 

 and the providing of substitutes for the usual articles 

 of food in tunes of scarcity. He was one of the prin 

 cipal editors of the Journal d'Economie rurale et 

 domestique, and of the Cours complet d? Agriculture 

 iratique. He died in 1828. 



CADI, in Arabic ; a judge or jurist. Among the 

 Turks, cadi signifies an inferior judge, in distinction 

 ~rom the molla, or superior judge. They belong l/j 

 he higher clergy, as the Turks derive their law from 

 heir prophet. 



CADIZ, the principal port, and one of the hand- 



omest cities in Spain, is situated at the extremity of 



a long tongue of land projecting from the island of 



Leon. Lat. 36" 32' N. ; Lon. 5 45' 54' W. The 



arrowness of the land communication prevents its 



capture by a military force, while the garrison is 



master of the sea. This was exemplified in the long 



lockade of 1810,-11,-12. It is walled, with trenches 



and bastions on the land side, aiwl the population being 



arge (70,000), the houses have been built high, and 



he streets are narrow. It has been much extended, 



nd adorned witli handsome buildings, since 1786. 



The chief buildings are the great hospital, the custom- 



louse, the churches, and thirteen monasteries. From 



he harbour, the town has a fine appearance. The 



y of C. is a very fine one. It is a large basin en- 



