83S 



CAMP1STRON CANADA. 



bling nitre or bay-salt. It is imported into Europe in 

 canisters, anil the refining of it was long kepi a >< en t 

 by the Venetians. The Dutch have since performed 

 (Ins work ; and large quantities of camphor are now 

 refined by some ot the British and American che- 

 mist*. 



For carpenters* work the wood of the camphor- 

 tree i-> much used. It is light and durable, and, in 

 consequence of long retaining its aromatic smell, is 

 not liable to be injured by insects. 



Plants of tin camphor and cinnamon trees were cap- 

 tun d by adiinr.il Rodney, in 1782, and afterwards 

 tarried to Jamaica, and propagated there. The cam- 

 phor-tree which grows very abundantly in the wes- 

 tern parts of Japan, is a different species from that 

 found in the islands of Sumatra and Borneo, with 

 which we are principally acquainted. Camphor was 

 formerly in great repute as a medicine, but at present 

 its virtues are less highly rated. It is a cordial and 

 stimulant of a decidedly heating character, and is, 

 therefore, improper in all fevers, unless the system is 

 very low and weak. In such cases, if combined with 

 nitre and other cooling articles, it is sometimes an 

 excellent diaphoretic. But, in fevers in general, it is 

 an article rather to be avoided. It was once, how- 

 ever, and is now, in some parts of Europe, thought to 

 be. one of the best medicines in fever of almost all 

 sorts ; but it is an article that could well be dispensed 

 with in common practice. As a domestic cordial and 

 medicine, it is. perhaps, more used than any other, 

 being still, in families, a panacea for all ailments of 

 the smaller sort. 



CAMPISTRON, Jean Galbert de ; a dramatic poet, 

 contemporary with Racine; born 1656, at Toulouse, 

 died 1723, at the same place. His tragedies, at the 

 time of their appearance, met with extraordinary ap- 

 plause. At present, however, they are much less 

 esteemed ; so that only two of his pieces dndronicus, 

 a tragedy which represents, under fictitious names, the 

 history of don Carlos, and the comedy Le Jaloux De- 

 f abuse are admitted into the selection of the Theatre 

 Francois des Auteurs du Second Ordre. Laharpe 

 says of C., " His plots have been commended as pro- 

 bable : they are so, but they are feeble in conception 

 and execution." 



CAMPOMANES (don Pedro Rodriguez) count of, a ce- 

 lebrated Spanish minister, whose learning, and pro- 

 found and elevated views in political economy, place 

 him among the first writers of his country, was born 

 early in the eighteenth century. He was director of 

 the academy of history, and his own works were a 

 model of taste and industry. As a statesman and a 

 publicist, he enlightened his countrymen by his writ- 

 ings on agriculture, manufactures, and the true prin- 

 ciples of commerce. He was chosen a member of 

 the academy of belles-lettres at Paris, and, on the 

 proposal of Franklin, of the philosophical society of 

 Philadelphia. C. raised himself solely by his own 

 merits. His reputation as the most learned lawyer in 

 Spain obtained him, in 17G5, the appointment of fiscal 

 to the royal council of Castile, by whose order he pub- 

 lished, 1768, an Answer to the Letters of the Bishop 

 of Cuenja, in which that prelate asserted that the im- 

 munities and revenues of the Spanish church were at- 

 tacked. He had already published a Treatise on Ec- 

 clesiastical Mortmain (1765), which was translated 

 into Italian, by order of the senate of Venice. He as- 

 sisted Aranda in the expulsion of the Jesuits from 

 Spain, and laboured to introduce a more equal distri- 

 bution of the taxes, to diminish the number of mendi- 

 cants, &c. In 1788, on the accession of Charles IV., 

 C. was appointed president of the council of Castile, 

 and minister of state. With the rise of the count 

 Florida Blanca, the favour of C. began to decline. 

 He was removed from the council, and retired in dis- 



grace. His death took place early in the nineteenth 

 century. Among his iimucrou* works are, Dissenu- 

 lion on the Templars (1747) ; Commercial Antiquity 

 of Carthage (1750), in which he controverts the opin- 

 ions of Dodwell, on the Periplus of Hanno ; Disci/rso 

 Sohr/- el Fomcnto de la Jniiimfri/i popular (8vo, 1774); 

 and Discurso Sobre la Education popular de los slrtix- 

 anos (1775) ; and a Sequel to the latter work ([ vols. 

 8vo, 1775 77), which treats of the causes of the de- 

 cline of the arts in Spain. 



CAMPSIE; a parish lying in the middle of Stirling. 

 shire, towards the north side, of eight miles in length, 

 by seven in breadth, bounded on the south by Killearn, 

 on the northeast by Fintry,on the east by Kilsyth,on 

 the south by Kirkintilloch, and on the west by Strath - 

 blane. The parish consists of a fertile strath or val- 

 ley, bounded by ranges of the Campsie Hills or Fells 

 on the north, which are elevated about 1500 feet 

 above the level of the sea. The village or clachan 

 of Campsie is pleasantly situated on the low grounds, 

 about a mile and a half north of Lennoxtown. This 

 bitter place fs a modern village inhabited chiefly by 

 persons employed at the printfields, advantageously 

 established in this quarter ; the distance being only 

 nine miles from Glasgow, with abundance of coal 

 and water. There is an extensive distillery at Mil- 

 ton, and another at Lillybum. Population in 1831, 

 5,109. 



CAMPUS MARTICS (called also, by way of eminence, 

 Campus, merely) was a large place in the suburbs of 

 ancient Rome, between the mons Cajiitolinits and 1'i- 

 chis, surrounded, in a great measure, by the Tiber. 

 Its name was derived from a temple of Mars, 

 situated in it. The first meetings of the people. 

 (comitia centuriata) were held here, and the first ///*- 

 (rum was celebrated in this place. (Liv. i. 24.) Tar- 

 quin the Proud sowed it with grain, but Brutus and 

 Collatinus restored it to the people, who destroyed 

 the grain, appropriated it anew to its former des- 

 tination, and made it, at the same time, a place of 

 exercise and gymnastic sports for the Roman youth. 

 The bodies of the most distinguished men were burned 

 there. Situated so near the city, it soon became co- 

 vered with splendid buildings, of which the finest was 

 the circus Flaminius. It is now filled with memor- 

 able ruins, and is one of the most interesting parts of 

 Rome. 



CANAAN. See Palestine. 



CANADA ; a country in North America, belonging 

 to Great Britain; divided, in 1791, into the provinces 

 of Upper and Lower Canada. 



Lower Canada is bounded N. by New Britain, E. 

 by New Britain and the gulf of St Lawrence, S. E. 

 and S. by New Brunswick, and the states of Maine, 

 New Hampshire, Vermont, and New York, and S.W. 

 and VV. by Upper Canada. The Ottawa river forms 

 a great part of the boundary between Upper and 

 Lower Canada. Above its source, the line runs due 

 north to Hudson's bay, about Ion. 81 W. Lon. 62 

 81 VV. ; lat 45 52 N. The inhabitants, in 1763, 

 were 70,000; in 1814, 335,000, of whom 275,0(>0 

 were native or French Canadians, the remainder being 

 a mixture of English, Scottish, Irish, and emigrants 

 from the United States. In 1823, the population was 

 427,465; in 1825, 450,000. It is estimated that 

 56.000 emigrants arrived in Canada in 1831. 



It is divided into five districts, viz., Montreal, 

 Three Rivers, Quebec, Gaspe, and St Francis, which 

 were subdivided, in 1792, into twenty-one counties. 

 The minor divisions are, 1. seigniories, or the origin- 

 al grants of the French government under the feudal 

 system ; 2. townships, or grants of land made by the 

 English since 1796, in free and common soccage. The 

 principal towns are, Quebec, the capital, Montreal. 

 Three Rivers, New Cfcfiiale, William Henry, St John y, 



