462 



CORNWALL CORONATION. 



and their neighbours, preserve*! the national charac- 

 teristics of Hriiish descent, ai'ier they luul been else- 

 where oblitenited. The Cornish dialect is derived, 

 like the Welsh, from tlie language of the ancient 

 Britons. It continued t<> he generally spoken in the 

 county till after the introduction of the Knglish li- 

 turgy into the service of the church, in the sixteenth 

 century ; from which period it declined, and about 

 the middle of the eighteenth century it had become 

 so much disused, that only a few aged individuals 

 were capable of conversing in it. After the con- 

 quest of Cornwall, by Athelstnn, the government 

 of the county was intrusted to earls, who possessed a 

 degree of feudal authority beyond what was common 

 in other parts of England, and which they continued 

 to enjoy till Die creation of the dukedom of Corn- 

 wall, in favour of Edward the Black Prince, in 1337, 

 when the duchy wns settled by act of Parliament, on 

 tlie eldest sons of the kings of England, to whom this 

 dignity has ever since appertained. Population of 

 Cornwall in 1831, 302,440. 



CORNWALL ; a post-town of America, in Litch- 

 field county, Connecticut, on the east side of the 

 Housatonic. A foreign mission school was established 

 here in 1817, under the direction of tlie board of 

 commissioners for foreign missions. The object of it 

 is to educate heathen children, so that they may be 

 qualified to instruct their countrymen in Christianity 

 and tlie arts of civilized life. The number of pupils, 

 in 1822, was thirty-four ; of whom nineteen were 

 American Indians, and nine from the islands of the 

 Pacific ocean. 



CORNWALLIS, CHARLES, marquis of, was born 

 in 1738, and received his education at Eton, and at 

 St John's college, Cambridge. Devoting himself to 

 the profession of arms, he was appointed aide-de- 

 camp to the king in 1765, and colonel of foot in 

 1766, and, after passing through all the various pro- 

 motions, he obtained the rank of general. He re- 

 presented the borough of Eye in parliament until the 

 death of his father, in 1762, when he succeeded to 

 the peerage. He did not distinguish himself in par- 

 liament, either by the frequency or the eloquence of 

 his speeches ; and, in the house of peers, he appears 

 to have been favourable to the claims of the American 

 colonies; notwithstanding which, he accepted a com- 

 mand in America, and distinguished himself at the 

 battle of Brandywine, in 1777, and at the siege of 

 Charleston, and was intrusted wita the government 

 of South Carolina. After obtaining the victories of 

 Camden and Guilford, he formed the plan of in- 

 vading Virginia, which failed; and he was made 

 prisoner with his whole army. He laid the blame of 

 this defeat on Sir Henry Clinton, who had not given 

 him the succour he expected ; and several pamphlets 

 .vere published between them, in which Sir Henry 

 blamed both the scheme and its conduct. Soon after 

 his return to Britain, he was removed from his 

 place of governor of the Tower of London, but was 

 re-appointed in 1784, and retained it until his death. 

 In 1786, lord Cornwallis was sent out to India, with 

 the double appointment of commander-in-chief and 

 governor general ; and not long after, the govern- 

 ment of Bengal declared war against the sultan of 

 the Mysore, for an attack upon the rajah of Travs.n- 

 core, the ally of the British. The first campaign 

 was indeci-ive ; but in March, 1791, lord Cornwallis 

 invaded the Mysore, and, in the year after, besieged 

 the city of Seringapatam, and obliged the sultan, 

 *J ippoo Saib, to sue for peace, and to submit to such 

 terms as he dictated. These were, to give up a part 

 of his dominions, to pay a large sum of money, with 

 a promise of a more considerable portion of treasure ; 

 and, as hostages for the performance of this treaty, 

 Tippoo intrusted two of his sons to the care of lord 



Cornwallis. On the conclusion of this important 

 war, lord Cornwallis returned to Britain, and, in 

 1792, was created marquis, appointed master-general 

 of tlie ordnance, and admitted a member of the privy 

 council. In 1798, at the time of the rebellion, he 

 was appointed lord lieutenant of Ireland, which office 

 he filled until 1K01, conducting himself with great 

 firmness and judgment, united with a conciliatory 

 dfsposition. In tile same year he was sent to France 

 where he signed the peace of Amiens. In 1804, on 

 the recall of the marquis \Vellesley, he was again 

 appointed govei nor-general of India, and, the follow- 

 ing year, died at (Jhazepore, in the province of Ben- 

 ares. Ilis personal character was amiable and un- 

 assuming, and, if his talents were not brilliant, his 

 sound sense, aided by his laudable ambition and per- 

 severance, effected much. As a military man, he 

 was active and vigilant, always giving his instruc- 

 tions iu person, and attending to the performance of 

 them. 



CORO, or VENEZUELA, a town in Venezuela, 

 the capital of the province or district of Coro ; 80 

 leagues \V. of Caracas; Ion. 69 40' W. ; lat 11" i'4 

 N. ; population, 10,000. It is situated on a dry, 

 sandy plain, on an isthmus which separates the lake 

 of Maracaybo from the Carribcan sea. The streets *ra 

 regular, but the houses m- menu. The port is indiller- 

 ent, and the commerce < ; f the town is inconsiderable. 



COROLLARY (in Latin corollarium) ; a conclu- 

 sion from premises, or from a proposition demon- 

 straUd. Formerly, it was used to signify a surplus-. 



COROMANDEL, COAST OF (DJiolamandol,) 

 A^nauie applied by sailors to tlie eastern coast of 

 Hindostan, along the Carnatic, extending from cape 

 Calymere, lat. 10 20', to the mouth o: the Kistnah, 

 lat. 15 45' N. : length about 350 miles. It contains 

 many flourishing cities, but Coringa is the only one 

 which atiords H harbour. Madras is the English pro- 

 vincial city. From the beginning of October until 

 April, north winds blow along the shore, and, during 

 the first three months, with such vehemence, that 

 navigation, during this period, is very dangerous. 

 This is called tlie north-east monsoon. In the middle 

 of April, the pouth winds begin, which last until the 

 month o; October. During this time, vessels can 

 approach the coast with safely. The wind, during 

 the day, is often glowing hot. but, in the night, be- 

 comes cool again. The sandy soil is not favourable 

 for the cultivation of rice: but cotton is produced in 

 great quantity, and, in its raw and manufactured 

 state, is the source of wealth to the industrious inha- 

 bitants. Coromandel proper is a small village, about 

 25 miles north of Madras. 



CORON ; a fortress in the Morea, 17 leagues 

 S.W. Tripolizza, and 4^ E. of Modon, on the eastern 

 shore of the gulf of Modon ; situated on a mountain ; 

 lat. 36 47' 26" N. ; Ion. 21 58' 52" E. ; population, 

 5000. 



CORONATION ; a solemn inauguration of a 

 monarch, with religious ceremonies, which, in an- 

 cient times, when the right of succession to tlie 

 throne was more uncertain or disputed than at pre- 

 sent, or when the right to govern could not lie ob- 

 tained without undertaking certain formal obliga- 

 tions, was deemed more necessary than in modern 

 times. This act is not considered as necessary for 

 establishing the rights and obligations of rulers and 

 subjects ; T>ut it is very proper as a means of re- 

 minding both parties, in a solemn way, of the nature 

 of their duties. The essential parts of the coronation 

 are. first, the oath which the monarch takes, that he 

 will govern justly, will always consult the real wel- 

 fare of his people, and will conscientiously observe 

 the fundamental laws of the state ; and, secondly, 

 the plac ug of the crown upon his head with rel't- 



