526 



CRIME. 



Convicted, I2,5t>4 



Acquitted, .......... 3,407 



No Bill* found, and not prosecuted, 1,050 



17,0-21 

 Of whom were executed, ... 70 



IRELAND. 



Committed fur trial. 1827. 



Maid, 14,598 , 



Females, .... 3,433 



18,031 



Ctnvieted, 



Acquitted 



No bill* found 



Bailed and Dot prosecuted, .... 



18,031 

 . 37 



14,083 



9,209 



3,078 

 91 



14,633 

 Of whom were executed, 37 ... 21 



Jiff urn of the Number of Male Convicts sent to Netv South 

 II titis and Van Dieman's Land, in 1826 and 1827, with 

 the total Expense of their Conveyance, and the average per 

 heart. 



Number. Total Expense. Arerage about 



1826 . . 2097 . . 53,349 5 2 25 8 10 



1827 . . 393 . . 81,682 17 8 24 1 6 



A report of the house of commons, in 1828, con- 

 tains the following statement of the comparative 

 amount of crime in England and France in the year 

 1826. 

 In France, the total number of accused was . . . 6,988 



0,988 



la England, committed for trial, 16,147 



Acquitted 3,266 



Not prosecuted, or no billi found, . . 1,780 



5,052 



Convicted, 11,095 



16,147 



Of 4,348 convicted in France were condemned to 



death, 150 



In England, of 11,095, 1,200 



Of those condemned to death in France, it would ap- 

 pear that the greater part were executed : in Eng- 

 land, of 1,200. only 57 were executed. Of the crimes 

 for which the punisliment of death was inflicted, we 

 find, in the French statement, murder, 11 ; attempt 

 to murder, 88 ; parricide, 4 ; infanticide, 6 ; poison- 

 ing, 11 ; false money, 9 ; robbery on a public road, 

 1 ; other robljeries, 2 ; arson of houses, 17 ,- arson of 

 other descriptions, 1. The English statement, be- 

 sides the crimes contained above, contains burglary, 

 10 ; forgery, 1 ; horse-stealing, 7 ; larceny in a dwel- 

 ling-house, to the value of 40 shillings, 5 ; rape, 2 ; 

 sheep-stealing, 3. In France, it appears to be the 

 practice to condemn, in the first instance, to the pun- 

 islunent intended to be inflicted. For instance, in 

 France, robbery on the highway gives, condemned to 

 death, 1 ; hard labour for life, 30 ; for a Wrm, 8 ; soli- 

 tary confinement, 5 ; correctional punishments, 22. 

 The English gives, robbery on person, on the high- 

 way and other places, sentenced to death, 144 ; exe- 

 cuted, 15.- Of secondary punishments, France gives, 

 hard labour for life, 281 ; for a term, 1139 ; solitary 

 confinement, 1228 ; to the pillory, 5 ; banishment, 1 ; 

 degradation from civil rights, 1 ; correctional punish- 

 ments, 1478. In England, we have transportation 

 for life, 133 ; for 14 years, 185 ; for 7 years, 1945 ; 

 imprisonment 5 years, none ; 3 years, 11 ; 2 years, 

 and above 1 year, 297 ; 1 year, 1201 ; 6 months and 

 luider, 5813 ; whipping and fine, 310. With respect 

 to terms of. imprisonment, we find in the French state- 

 ment, 



For '.'n yearn 43 



For 15 years, .... 50, 



1 ........'. 175 



3 817 



From I 10 5 years, . . . . 512 



6 months to I year, .68 



Less than 6 mouths ' ] 4 



Iii France, the number of accused were in the pro- 

 portion of 1 in 4195 of the population ; of the accus- 

 fd tried, 1 in 4557. In England, the proportion 

 would be greatly superior. But it is difficult to draw 

 any parallel in this respect. The offences tried be- 

 fore the correctional tribunals in France are of ;i 

 graver character than those which arc punched in 

 England out of the courts of assize and iniam 

 sion. For instance, in France, under the head of 

 crimes punished by the correctional tribunals, there 

 appear, under the title vols (thefts), 10,796, of which 

 4364 were punished by imprisonment for a year in- 

 more. Distinguislung crimes against the person, and 

 those against property, the number under the former 

 head is, in France, of accused, 1907 ; under the lat- 

 ter, 6988 ; leaving out Corsica, the former number 

 would be reduced to 1821, the latter to 6939. In 

 England, including the same class of crimes, the num- 

 bers are, 



Against the person, 553 



Against property, 15,010 



But adding to the 6939, 10,796, the numbers would be 



For France, against the person, 1,821 



property, . 17,733 



For England, against the person, 5,1 



property, . I5,t;iii 



Without pretending to any great exactness- on this 

 subject, it may be inferred tliat the whole quantity of 

 crime is greater, in proportion to the population in 

 England than in France ; but that of offences against 

 the person, there are more, both in proportion to the 

 whole number of offences, and to the population, hi 

 France than in England. The general conclusion 

 from this and other facts seems to be, that crowded 

 towns and flourisliing manufactures tend to incrca>c 

 depredations on property, and to diminish acts ot 

 violence against the person. 



In Prussia, 9646 crimes were committed in 18V7. 

 The proportion of crimes to the population was great- 

 est in Berlin, in which it was as 1 to 297. In the 

 Rhenish provinces, the proportion was 1 to 400 ; in 

 Silesia and Prussia Proper, 1 to 2000. This differ- 

 ence is owing to the difference in the condition and 

 state of civilization of the provinces. From 1818 to 

 1827, 210 pei-sons were sentenced to death in Prus- 

 sia, but only 87 executed, giving one execution to 

 135,414 inhabitants. For a full account of the sta- 

 tistics of crime in Prussia, see the above mentioned 

 Gefaengniss-Kunde, by doctor Julius. 



In the Netherlands, in 1825, when the inhabitants 

 were 6,157,286, there were 4400 criminals in 

 the prisons, 2400 in houses of correction, and 1 1 50 

 military prisoners. See Verslag van de Handelingen 

 der tn-eede algemeene P'ergadermg van het Nederlan- 

 disch Genootschap tot Zedelyke verbetering der Gemn- 

 genen, gehoitden binnen, Amsterdam, den 27 April, 

 1825 (Account of the Transactions of the second 

 general Meeting of the Netherlandish Society for the 

 Improvement of the Condition of Prisoners, held in 

 Amsterdam, &c.) 



Russia presents, from 1823 to 1827, both 'inclu- 

 sive, 



853 thefts and robberies, 

 5317 murders, 

 5,203 suicides, 



95 cases of exposed cliiMren, 



11 nor f whole number of criminals, including deser- 

 14)087 i ters. 



In Spain, in 1826, according to official reports, in 

 which, however, no information is contained res|>ect- 



