CHIME. 



527 



ing the state of crime in Arragon, Valencia, and the 

 Balearic islands, the number of criminals amounted 

 to 12,937, which, if the population is 11,447,629, 

 would give one crime for 885 persons. 



The following is an abstract of the state of crime 

 in several countries, such as we should wish to be 

 able to give of all civilized countries : 



fiumhtr o/Crimei brought before Courts ofJuitice. 









1,1 ("a*. -- - 



0, f lag 1 1 -- - 



1, f " 1 S < -- - 

 1.J l a SJ -- - 



W.No. PerCt Total. Populati 



89 

 2,644 



72 



4,777 

 4,527 

 16, 147 J 



20,279 

 1,702 

 8,436 

 1,988 

 1,951 



WholeN 



Scotland, 1806-1811,1 

 Ireland, 1805-1810, 

 Wales, 1805-1811, 

 England, 1805-1811 



1 1805, 

 England, j J 82 



(.1828! - ... ik',xi' 1 721 



( 1823-1825, ... 1 403 



London, -? 1826, 3,457? , -an 



(.1827, 3,3815 ' lRSU 



r Before courts 1 1825, 2066 29 5168 71 7,234 1 4,424 



nf assizes, J1826, 1907 27 5081 73 6,988 1 4,436 



Of correction- 1825, 141,733 1 219 



Fr.nr. j ' P lice ' 1 1826 - 159,740 1 194 



ce> <i Of local po- 1 1825, 139,944 1 222 



I lice, } 1826, 141,021 



,_ . . 1 1825, 288,911 1 107 



J 1826, 308,749 1 104 



^rovinces) 16 ""J 1819 ' 1826 - "62,583 30 132,549 70185,132 1 427 



Assizes, 1922-26, " 23 27 317 1 6,666 



( j ) " tlonal j 1822-26, " 52 48 7,744 1 276 



g S I Local police, 1822-26, " 212.374 



Kft< (.Total, 1822-26," 252,679 



Convicted Criminalt. 



against pers. against prop. Total, population. 



Scotland, 1823, ------ 288 1:9,649 



( 1810-1826, 2,539 119,349 121,888 1: 902 



Enrland ' 1S26> 1I ' 095 1:1 ' 082 



' 3na '|1887, 12,564 1:1,019 



( 1828, 11,723 



London, 1827, 2,300 1: 587 



(1815, 2,319 1:2,803 



Ireland ' 1823> 7 ' 923 1: 82 



" na> 1l827 10,207 1: 666 



(.1828 11,919 1: 570 



f A< S 1825 ' ' " - '.<M S- 548 4 ' 594 1=6,748 



llzes ' $1826, - - - 1,459 3,451 4.9JO 1:6,313 



I Correctional 5 1825, - - - 118,251 1: 262 



France J police ' 1826 ' ' ' 134 ' 384 1: 231 



^ Local Dolice 5 1825> ' ' ' 119 ' 091 1: 26 



Local ponce, J , 826) _ _ _ 119,746 1: 259 



Total I 1825 ' - - 241 ' 736 1: 128 



lotai, j, 826 _ _ _ _ 259,040 1: 120 



Pays de Vaud, 1826, 79 1:2,151 



( Old provinces, 827 8,048 8,875 1: 924 



Prussia, -3 Rhenish provinces, - - - - 110 3,307 3,417 1: 543 



f The whole country, - - - 937 11,355 12,292 1: 818 



Sleswic Holstein, in 1820 1,089 1:6,281 



v ~, o 5 Per centum, in 1821, - - - 10 90 100 



way 'J Total, 1814-1826 9,740 1:1,403 



c n . in $ Total, in 1826 12,937 1: 885 



Pn, J per centurDi in 1826, ... 37 63 100 



Sentence* of Death. 



Sentenced. Executed. 



Scotland, 1806-1811 annual average 7| 3s 



England and Wales, 1805-1811, - - - 375f 56 



Ireland, 1805-1810, 85 48 



Scotland, 1821-1823, in the whole, - - 49 28 



England, 1810-1826, 15,652 1,384 



London, 1731-1740, 531 316 



(1810-1826.- 2,755 350 



France, -3 1825 176 111 



(1826, 150 110 



(Old provinces, 1818-1827, - 140 77 



Prussia,-} Rhenish prov., " - - 70 10 



(Total, - - - " - - 210 87 



Spain, 1826, 167 



Executions. 



against pers. against piop. Total, population. 



ri768-1775, 11 21 32 



Scotland, ,$1776-1780, 2 7 9 



/I827 13 1 169,271 



England, J 1826 - W 1 2 1".* 2 6 



"^ 1 18*7 70 1 182,857 



f 1731-1740, 46 270 316 



' j 1781-1806, ------ 61 726 7875 J0,uuu 



C.1827, 17 1 79,412 



(1815-1819 (annual average), 303 1 90,909 



France, -?1825, - - 111 1 279,279 



(1826, 110 1 281,818 



(Old provinces, 1818-1827, - 77 1 1,240,960 



Prussia, -3 Rhenish prov., " _ 10 1 2,371,000 



( Whole country, " 87 1 1,354,140 

 Pritonert. 



Srotl.nd 5 1825 ' Including debtors, 8,378 ' P l""" * 262 



>tland, J without debtors 5,935 1 369 



f England, April 29, 1826, 2,864 1 4,187 



Debtors J WaleB) n l 10 ' 411 



ltore - \ Scotland, 216 1 10,185 



(. Ireland, 663 1 11,011 



France, 1821, - ---..- 41,307 1 778 



Southern Netherlands $} 8 ' ' 



(civil and rmhtpmoner,),^; \ '. ~ '"..I' ', \$* \ f 



Pruuia, I 1798 -- - ' - 2 ' 179 ' ?-Wl 



Prussian J 1826, standing army, 



army, J militia, - - - 



Prussia, civil and military, - - 

 Sleswic Holstein, 1819, - ... 



(1821, 



Norway, -?1826, ------ 



(1814-1826, - --- 

 Sweden, 1824, 



1,124 

 724 



8,100 

 622 



833 



7,740 



1,500 



lit 



122 

 '.,550 



112 

 .,399 

 1,200 

 1,371 

 1,600 



Though the number of persons committed for trial has 

 progressively increased, in England, for a series ot 

 years, it by no means follows that the quantity 01 

 crime has increased ; and it is perfectly certain, that 

 crimes of the most atrocious character have diminish 

 ed. Thus, though the parliamentary returns of the 

 number of criminal offenders committed for trial in 

 1827 be greater, by 1774, than those of 1826, we 

 should minutely investigate the nature of the offences 

 with which these persons are charged, before we af- 

 firm that the morals of the people generally were 

 more unsound in 1827 than in 1826. " Offences," 

 say a committee of the house of commons, in a report 

 on the criminal commitments and convictions, " which 

 were formerly either passed over entirely, or were 

 visited with a summary chastisement on the spot, are 

 now made occasions of commitment to jail and regular 

 trial. Mr Dealtry a magistrate for the West Rid- 

 ing of the county of 'York- says, ' I think one reason 

 we may give for the increase of crime, or the greater 

 exhibition of it to public view, is the seizure and de- 

 livery to the police of all those who commit offences, 

 that are styled offences at all. I remember, in 

 former days, persons were taken and pumped upon, 

 or something of that sort ; but now they are handed 

 over to the police and tried. Sir Thomas Baring, 

 and other witnesses, gave a similar testimony. The 

 malicious trespass act, the act for paying prosecutors 

 their expenses in cases of misdemeanor, and other 

 acts not necessary to mention, have tended to fill 

 the prisons, without any positive increase of crime. 

 The magistrates, likewise, are more ready to commit 

 than they used to be." x 



There is a fact, which is most important to keep 

 in view, namely, that, in England, and in every other 

 country rapidly advancing in civilization, offences 

 against the person are diminished precisely in the 

 proportion that the means of education are enlarged. 

 The most numerous class of offences has been found, 

 not only in that country, but in France, in the United 

 States of America, and in Switzerland, to be that of 

 the smaller offences against property ; for example, 

 in London and Middlesex, as stated by Mr Peel in 

 the house of commons, the number of commitments, 

 in 1820, was 2773 ; in 1826, 3457 ; increase of com- 

 mitments, 684. In 1820, of these commitments, the 

 number for larceny was 1384; in 1826, 2118; in- 

 crease of commitments for larceny, 734. Thus we 

 see that, whilst, in 1826, there was a large increase of 

 offences against property, there was an actual dimi- 

 nution of crimes against the person. The report 

 of the committee before mentioned states, that "the 

 numbers of persons convicted of murder, from the 

 year 1821 to 1827 inclusive, adding thereto those con- 

 victed of shooting at, stabbing, and administering 

 poison with intent to murder, were respectively, 35, 

 57, 26, 38, 29, 27, 47. The numbers charged with 

 murder, shooting at, stabbing, and administering poi- 

 son with intent to murder, were, from 1821 to 1827, 

 232, 241, 239, 253, 273, 245, 288. The whole num- 

 ber of persons tried for offences against the person, in 

 1827, including robbery of the person, wliich ought 

 not properly to have been included, was under 1000. 

 The criminal calendar of London and Middlesex exhi- 

 bits, for the respective periods from 1811 to 1817, and 

 from 1821 to 1827, an average increase of committals 

 in the latter seven years, equal to 48 per cent. The 

 convictions, during an average of the same periods, 

 liave increased 55 per cent. The population of Lon- 



