582 



DADUCHUS DAHOMEY. 



DADUCHUS (Latin; &3x xtt , Greek) ; literally 

 a torch-bearer, but applied as an epithet to many of 

 th6 ancient divinities, who were always represent* d 

 as bearing a torch or flambeau. Dnduclii were also 

 those persons, who, in certain cm-monies and reli- 

 gious processions, carried the flambeaus or sacred 

 torches. The Daduchic deities are Ceres, when 

 represented as searching for her lost daughter Pro- 

 serpine ; Diana, Luna, Hecate, and Sol, when in 

 their cars, employed in the business of lighting the 

 earth ; \ 'run-. < 'upiil, and Hymen, when bearing the 

 torch of love ; Rhea or Cybele, and Vesta, in the 

 temples where the vestals guarded the sacred fire of 

 those goddesses ; Vulcan, in whose honour, conjointly 

 with Prometheus and Pallas as Daduchi, the Athe- 

 nians instituted a festival, which they called Lampade- 

 vlwria. Aaftvalnfala (see Lampadephorid) ; Bellona, 

 the Furies, Aurora, Hymen, Peace (on a medal of 

 Vespasian) ; Comus in an ancient painting described 

 by Pliilostratus) ; Night, Sleep, and Death, or Tha- 



liatUS, vHa.a,-). 



DJ2DALUS (A;Sx.f). The name of Dadali is 

 given to full-length figures or images, with the feet 

 in an advancing posture. But whence tliis appella- 

 tion is derived is a contested point. Winckelmann, 

 following Palaephatus and Diodorus, says " Daedalus 

 began to separate the lower part of the Hermes into 

 legs ; and the first statues are said to have received 

 from liiin the name of Deedali." The common opin- 

 ion is, that Dsedalus first separated the legs of the 

 -i;it iir- in an advancing posture, which explains the 

 saying that his statues moved, since all previous sculp- 

 tors funned their statues with the arms lianging down, 

 not divided from the body, and the legs not separated, 

 like the mummy-shaped figures of the Egyptians. Ac- 

 cording to Pausanias, Dasdalus received his name from 

 the statues (the name of which is said to liave been de- 

 rived from Sai$aA.A.!/, to work with skill). Boettiger (in 

 his Lectures on Arcliaeology, Dresden, 1806) supposes 

 that Dadultts is not a proper name, but the common 

 appellation of all the first architects, metallurgists, and 

 sculptors in Grecian antiquity ; also, in general, an 

 artist, as daedalic means artificial, skilful. In early 

 periods, every art is confined to the family and friends 

 of the inventor, and the disciples are called sons. 

 Thus the ancients speak of the Daedalian family of 

 artists, including Tabs, Perdix, Diopoenos, Scyllis, 

 and others. According to the common opinion, Dae- 

 dalus lived three generations before the Trojan war, 

 \vas distinguished for his talents in architecture, 

 sculpture, and engraving, and the inventor of many 

 instruments ; for instance, the axe, the saw, the 

 plummet, the auger ; also of glue, and masts and 

 yards for ships. As a sculptor, he wrought mostly 

 in wood, and was the first who made the eyes of his 

 statues open. This he did in Athens, which he was 

 compelled to leave on account of the murder of his 

 disciple Talos, of whose skill he was jealous. He 

 built the famous labyrinth in Crete ; executed 

 for Ariadne a group of male and female dancers, of 

 white stone, and for Pasiphae the notorious wooden 

 cow. Being imprisoned, with his son Icarus, he in- 

 vented instruments for flying. The wings were com- 

 posed of linen, or according to Ovid, of feathers, and 

 fastened with wax, which caused the death of Icarus ; 

 whence the Icarian sea is said to have received its 

 name. Daedalus himself reached Sicily, on the sou- 

 thern coast of which a place was called, after him, 

 Dadalium. A festival, called Deedala (image-festi- 

 val), was celebrated in Bceotia, mostly at Plataea. 

 We must not confound this Daedalus with a later 

 sculptor, Daedalus of Sicyon. Many stories of differ- 

 ent artists have, probably, been blended, to form the 

 character of Dasdalus. 



DAENDELS, HERMANN WILLIAM, a Dutch gene- 



ral, was bom in 1762, at Hattem, in Guelderland. 

 He took an important part in the troubles which 

 began in Holland, in 1787, on the side of the patriots, 

 and, with many of his countrymen of the same party, 

 was compelled to take refuge in France, where he 

 engaged in commercial speculations, in Dunkirk. In 

 1793, he was appointed colonel in the new legion of 

 volunteers, Franc etranger, and was of great service 

 to Dumouriez, in liis expedition against Holland. 

 He rendered still greater services to Pichegru, in the 

 campaign of 1794, wliich made the French comma ndcr 

 master of all Holland. Daendels now became lieu- 

 tenamVgeneral in the service of the Batavmn repub- 

 lic, and took an important part in the change of the 

 government. When Louis Bonaparte ascended the 

 throne, he loaded him with honours, and appointed 

 him governor-general of Batavia. After the union 

 of Holland with France, Napoleon readied him. 

 Daendels arrived in Europe in the summer of isi;>. 

 He employed his leisure time in publisliing a Compte 

 rendu of his government in Java (4 voLs., folio), in 

 wliich he throws much light on the statistics and ge- 

 neral condition of that country. He was afterwards 

 appointed, by the king of the Netherlands, to orga- 

 nize the restored colonies on the coast of Africa. Here 

 he displayed his usual energy ; he promoted peace 

 between the neighbouring Negro states, encouraged 

 the establishment of new plantations on the West In- 

 dia plan, and checked the slave trade, until the time 

 of his death. 



DAFFODIL. See Narcissus. 



DAGH ; a Persian word, signifying mountain 

 Daghistan, land of mountains. 



DAGOBERT 1. (called the Great on account of 

 his military successes), king of the Franks, of the 

 Merovingian race, in 628 succeeded his father, Clo- 

 thaire II., who had reunited the divided members of 

 the French empire. He waged war with success 

 against the Sclavonians, Saxons, Gascons, and Bre- 

 tons ; but he stained the splendour of his victories by 

 cruelty, violence, and licentiousness. After he had 

 conquered the Saxons, it is said that he caused all 

 those whose stature exceeded the length of his sword 

 to be put to death. He deserves praise for liis im- 

 provement of the laws of the Franks. He died at 

 Epinay, 638, at the age of 32 years, and was buried 

 in St Denis, wliich he had founded six years before. 



D'AGUESSEAU. See Aguesseau. 



DAHLIA ; the name of a genus of plants belonging 

 to the natural order composite, or compound flowers. 

 The D. pitinata, within a few years, has become com- 

 mon in the gardens of the Northern and Middle States 

 of America, where it is cultivated as an ornament, and 

 is very conspicuous in the latter part of the season. 

 The root is peremiial, composed of fascicles of tubers r 

 which are oblong and tapering at each end, and about 

 six inches in length. The stem Ls straight, branch- 

 ing, thick, and reaches the height of seven feel and 

 upwards. The leaves are opposite, connate, and 

 simply or doubly pinnated. The flowers are solitary, 

 at the extremity of long, simple branches, deep pur- 

 ple, with a yellow centre ; by cultivation, however, 

 they have been doubled, and made to assume a vari- 

 ety of colours. The roots are a wholesome article of 

 food, and much eaten by the Mexicans, though the 

 taste is not very agreeable. It is reproduced from 

 the seed, or by the division of the roots, which is the 

 most approved mode. It requires frequent watering. 

 In autumn, the roots should be taken out of the 

 ground, covered with dry sand, and kept out of the 

 reach of frost during the winter. All the species are 

 natives of Mexico. 



DAHOMEY ; a kingdom in the interior of West- 

 ern Africa, behind the Slave Coast. The country is 

 very little known to Europeans. The parts wliich 



