584 



DAISY DALE. 



outture, liave shown Uiat stall-feeding with green 

 crops is a most important improvement in the man- 

 agement of cows. In this way, tley can be kej't in 

 milk not only for a month longer in autumn than by 

 the common modes, hut e\en through the whole win- 

 ter season. Mr Curwen's extensive experiments on 

 this subject liave put the matter beyond all doubt, 

 and it is now pretty generally practised. 



The greatest dairy farms in Britain are found in 

 Cheshire, Gloucestershire, Buckinghamsliire, Essex, 

 Cambridgeshire. Dorset, and Suttolk, some of the 

 midland counties, and in Ayrshire. Essex, Cam- 

 bridgeshire, Suffolk, and Dorset, are chiefly famed 

 for butter, the rest for cheese. 



A proper choice of cows is of the greatest conse- 

 quence, oecause certain species of this animal, as 

 well as certain individuals of the same species, afford 

 vastly more abundant and richer milk than others. 

 All the black cattle of the island liave been divided 

 into four classes. 1. The short-horned or Dutch. 

 2. The long-horned, or Lancashire. 3. The polled, 

 or Galloway. 4. The kyloes, or Highland. But in 

 each of these classes there are many varieties. The 

 rows of the first class yield much milk ; those of the 

 second, less, but its cream is more abundant, and 

 richer. The same quantity of the milk also yields a 

 greater proportion or cheese. The polled, or Gallo- 

 way cows are excellent milkers, and their milk is 

 rich. A sort called the Suffolk duns, said to be a 

 variety of the Galloways, are much esteemed for the 

 abundance of their milk, and the excellence of the 

 butter it produces. Two- thirds of these, with one- 

 third of the small Alderney or French cow (mixing 

 the milk), are recommended by some as the best 

 dairy stock that can be kept. Ayrshire, or Kyle 

 cows, are much esteemed in Scotland ; and, in Eng- 

 land, the improved breed of the long-horned cattle, 

 by Mr Bakewell, of Dishly, in Leicestershire, is highly 

 prized in many dairy districts. The limits of this ar- 

 ticle will not permit us to mention a variety of other 

 good breeds Uiat might be pointed out. Every judi- 

 cious selector, however, will always, in making his 

 choice, keep in view not only the different sorts and 

 individuals of the animal, but also the nature of the 

 form on which his cows are to be put, and the sort of 

 manufactured produce he is anxious to bring to mar- 

 ket. The best age for a milk cow is betwixt four or 

 five and ten. When old, she will give more milk, 

 but it is of an inferior quality, and she is less easily 

 supported. See Milk. 



DAISY ; the name of a plant which is very fami- 

 liar, and a great favourite in Europe (bellis perennis, 

 L.). It is one of the earliest in spring, and its ele- 

 gant flowers, appearing at intervals in the green 

 sward, have been compared to pearls. During 

 cloudy weather, and at night, they close. It conti- 

 nues flowering during the whole season, and is not 

 used for food by any animal. It belongs to the natu- 

 ral order composite. The leaves are all radical, spa- 

 thulate, obtuse, more or less dentate, slightly hairy, 

 and spread upon the ground. Its naked stem is a 

 few inches high, and terminated by a white flower, 

 having a tinge of red, and a yellow centre. In the 

 United States of America, it is only seen cultivated 

 in gardens. One species ofbeilis (B. integrtfolia, MX.) 

 inhabits the United States, but is a rare plant, and 

 only found in the South-western States, in Tenessee 

 *nd Arkansas. 



DAL ; a Swedish word, signifying, like the Ger- 

 man THAL, valley, as in Dalecarlia. 

 DALAI LAMA. See Lama. 

 DALBERG, family of the barons of ; also DAL- 

 BURG. ' Is there no Dalberg present ?' the imperia 

 herald was formerly obliged to demand, at every 

 coronation of the German emperors j and the Dalberg 



present bent his knee before the new sovereign, and 

 received the accolade as the first knight of the em- 

 pire. So illustrious were the ancestors of the present 

 [)albergs, the ancient chamberlains of Worms ! The 

 amily obtained the rank of barons of the empire in 

 the seventeeth century. Many Dalbergs liave distin- 

 guished themselves as patrons of German literature. 



DALBERG, Charles Theodore Anthony Maria, 

 of the noble family of Dalberir, baroas of the ( I enr-in 

 empire, was chamberlain of Worms, elector ot'.Mentz, 

 archchancellor, and subsequently prince-primate u 

 ;he confederation of the Rlu'ne, and grand-duke of 

 Frankfort ; finally archbishop of Ratisbon an<l bishop 

 of Worms and Constance ; born February 8, 1744, 

 at Hernsheim, near Worms. In 1772, he became 

 privy-counsellor and governor at Erfurt. During 

 many years' residence in that place, he was distin- 

 guished for industry, regularity, and punctuality in the 

 discharge of his duties. An incorruptible love of 

 justice, and inflexible firmness in maintaining what 

 lie considered just and politic, animated him. He 

 encouraged science and the arts by his patronage of 

 l^rned men and artists, and wrote several learned 

 treatises and ingenious works. In 1802, after the 

 death of the elector of Mentz, he was made elector 

 and archchancellor of the German empire. By the 

 new political changes in Germany in 1803. he came 

 into possession of Ratisbon, Aschaffenburg, and Wetz- 

 lar. In 1806, he vas made prince-primate of the 

 confederation of the Rhine. At Ratisbon, he erected 

 the first monument to the famous Kepler. In 1810, 

 he resigned the principality of Ratisbon, to Bavaria, 

 and obtained, as compensation, a considerable part 

 of the principalities of Fulda and Hanau, and was 

 made grand-duke. In 1813, he voluntarily resigned 

 all his possessions as a sovereign prince, and return- 

 ed to private life, retaining only his ecclesiastical 

 dignity of archbishop. He retired to Ratisbon. He 

 was a member of the French national institute. His 

 works are mostly philosophical. Among them are 

 the Reflections on the Universe (5th edition, 1805), 

 the Principles of Esthetics (Erlangen, 1791), and 

 Pericles, or the Influence of the Liberal Arts on 

 Public Happiness (Erfurt, 1806). He wrote several 

 of his works in French. He is also the author of 

 several legal treatises. Although he was fond of 

 theoretical speculations, yet he devoted his attention 

 more particularly to practical studies, such as the phi- 

 losophy of the arts, mathematics, physics, chemistry, 

 botany, mineralogy, scientific agriculture, &c. Dal- 

 berg died February 10, 1817. 



DALE, David, an eminent manufacturer and mer- 

 chant in Glasgow, whose active benevolence and 

 public spirit entitle him to remembrance, was born in 

 the town of Stewarton, Ayrshire, on the 6th January, 

 1739. His father being in humble circumstances, he 

 was early apprenticed to the weaving business, at 

 which he continued till manhood, but, disliking se- 

 dentary employment, he afterwards commenced deal- 

 ing in linen yarn at Glasgow, importing, namely, 

 French yarn from Holland, and selling it to the manu- 

 facturers there, by which the foundation of his for- 

 tune was laid. He was the projector of the cotton 

 mills at New Lanark, to which Mr Owen has given 

 a notoriety. Mr Owen married a daughter of his, 

 and may be said to have borrowed many of liis phi- 

 lanthropic views, from witnessing the estimable con- 

 duct of his father-in-law in the management of these 

 mills. In connexion with another gentleman, Mr 

 Dale also established the first works in Scotland, for 

 dyeing cotton turkey red, and was a partner in a 

 manufactory of inkles or tapes. By these means, and 

 his own natural sagacity, he amassed a great fortune, 

 and ultimately became a magistrate of Glasgow, in 

 which situation he distinguished himself as the active 



