636 



D K M I'll K AG E DEN DEH A II. 



is presumable, the works of Scottish milltors were 

 not easily accessible; in cuii-eqncnrf of vhich lie 

 could not be expected to proem I with any very great 

 degree of accuracy ; but many of liis errors, even 

 candour must admit, are not the result of iiuuh cr- 

 tency, but of a studied intention to mislead. Of the 

 names which he so splendidly emblazons, a large 

 proportion is wholly fictitious. His really most valu- 

 able work is. l)i- Ktruria Regali, an edition of which 

 I'liolislicil at Florence in 1725, kf vols. folio. 



I > 1 , M I K U A 1 1 K, in law, is the detention of a ship ; 

 and is also, and more frequently, used to signify the 

 amount to be paid by the charterer to the owner of a 

 ship, for voluntary delay beyond a specified tune. 

 If the captain chooses to wait a longer time tlian tliat 

 a'_Tred upon for a cargo, the owner can claim demur- 

 rage only until the cargo is taken on board, and the 

 ship ready to sail, and not from the subsequent de- 

 tention from other causes, although this would not 

 have happened but for the detention for a cargo. 

 Thus, when a vessel was to be loaded at St Peters- 

 burg for Leith, by the 1st of September, but the 

 master waited until October 29, for a cargo, when he 

 sailed from Cronstadt, but was soon driven back by 

 imfavourable winds, and the frost, setting in, de- 

 tained him there until the llth of May following ; 

 after much litigation in Scotland, it was decided by 

 the house of lords of" Great Britain, that demurrage 

 could be claimed only to October 29. It is to be 

 observed, however, in this case, tliat the captain 

 was at liberty to sail on the 1st of September, the 

 time limited in the charter-party. The time of de- 

 lay in port for a cargo, for convoy, &c., is usually 

 stipulated in the cJiarter-party, and also the allow- 

 ance to be made in case of longer delay for those 

 objects ; and this time is sometimes specified in 

 working days or lay days, as distinguished from 

 holydays, when no cargo can be put on board. When 

 a cliarter-party, made in England, relates to a delay 

 in the river Thames, for a certain number of days, 

 it will, in pursuance of a particular custom, be con- 

 strued to mean working days. But if the charter- 

 party be made elsewhere, or, if made in England, 

 relating to a demurrage at any other place, if the 

 intention is that it should allow a certain number of 

 working days, it ought to be so expressed. 



DEMURRER ; a pause or stop put to the pro- 

 ceedings of an action upon a point of difficulty, 

 which must be determined by the court before any 

 further proceedings can be had therein. He that 

 demurs in law confesses the facts to be true, as 

 stated by the opposite party, but denies that, by the 

 law arising upon those facts, any injury is done to 

 the party, or that he has made out a lawful excuse. 



DEN (Saxon, valley, or woody ground), when 

 added to the names of places, denotes that they are 

 in a valley, or near woods. 



DENARIUS ; 1. a Roman silver coin, equal, at 

 first, to ten asses, whence its name ; 2. a weight. 

 The libra, or Roman pound, contained ninety-six, 

 the ounce eight, denarii; and the denarius tliree 

 scruples. In modern governments, the denarius lias 

 also been introduced as a weight. A French denare 

 contained sixty-three grains.* 



DENBIGH, a county of North Wales, extending 



The value of the denarius is given incorrectly by several 

 modern German writers, as by Schlensner, in bis Lexicon 

 of the New Testament ; by Rosenmueller, in his Scholia on 

 the New Testament ; and by Kuinoel, in his Commentary 

 on the Historical Books of the New Testament. It is reck- 

 oned by them as equal to the eighth part of a reichsthaler 

 frix dollar) or three groschen, that is, about fourpence half- 

 penny. The mistake may be thus accounted for : The 

 writers mentioned refer to EisenschmidiuB, De Pan 

 dfribui et Mensuris veterum necnon de Valore Pecunue 

 vetcris, published in 1708, reprinted 1737. The author of 



alxmt thirty-nine miles in length, and twenty three in 

 breadth. Itis enclosed on the east by a range of hills, 

 above thirty miles in length, commencing near St 

 Asaph's, and forming one side of the iainous vale of 

 Clwyd,and terminating a little to the south of Llan- 

 gollen. The loftiest summit in this range, Moel Fam- 

 mau, attains an elevation of 1845 feet above sea level, 

 and is rendered conspicuous by the erection of an obe- 

 lisk on its summit to commemorate the fiftieth, or ju- 

 bilee year, of the reign of king George III. A second 

 range, nearly parallel to the former, encloses the 

 county on the south-west. The loftiest point of this 

 range, Modwl Eithin, is 1G60 feet above the sea. I )cn- 

 bignshire possesses great variety in the elevation and 

 quality of surface and soil. It includes a very consi- 

 derable track of high-land, averaging 800 feet above 

 the sea, where pasturage only is afforded, or light 

 oats grown; and it also includes some of the best 

 wheat-land in Great Britain, in its many beautiful 

 vales. The chief rivers are the Conway, the Aimer, 

 the Aled, die Elwy, the Alen, the Ciwyd, the Dee. 

 and the Ceiriog. The chief towns are Denbigh, 

 Wrexhain, Ruthin, and Llanrwst. Population of the 

 county in 1831, 83,167.. 



DENBIGH, a borough-town and capital of Den- 

 bighshire. It stands on the side of a steep hill, over- 

 hung by a rock, crowned with the ruins of a noble 

 castle, and commanding an extensive view of the 

 vale of Clwyd. Though having an appearance of 

 antiquity imparted to it by the venerable ruins of its 

 lordly castle, yet Denbigh may be called a hand- 

 some modern town. It consists of one long avenue, 

 enclosed by many elegant private residences, opening 

 into a spacious market-place, from which several 

 smaller avenues diverge. Population in 1831, 3786. 

 DENDERAH, ZODIAC OF. Near Denderah, 

 a village of the Thebais, surrounded with palms, 

 and lying about a league west of the Nile, the travel- 

 ler from Cairo to Upper Egypt first acquires a dis- 

 tinct notion of an architecture such as no other can 

 show. Denderah lies under the 26th degree of 

 north latitude, on the borders of the desert, upon the 

 last table-land of the Lybian mountains, to which the 

 inundation of the Nile extends. Its name is derived 

 from the ancient Tentyra or Tentyris,the magnificent 

 remains of which, called by the Arabians Berbe (the 

 ruins), are a mile or two distant from it. We are 

 indebted, for our knowledge of them, to the memor- 

 able campaign of the French in Egypt, whose enthu 

 siastic descriptions and accurate investigations have 

 drawn general attention to them. Through a portal 

 half buried by rubbish, covered with hieroglyphics, 

 and constructed of huge blocks of sandstone, you 

 come in sight of a temple which forms the back ground 

 of this splendid picture. 



All that you see here, say the French writers, from 

 the colossal figures of Isis, which support the entabla- 



this work (p. 136) estimates 7| denarii as equal to an im- 

 perial or nx dollar, meaning the old rix dollar of the em- 

 pire, a coin which by proclamation of queen Anne, in 1704, 

 was declared equal to 4s 6d sterling. He thus makes the value 

 of the denarius about 6d as near an approximation as, per. 

 baps, was to be expected from his imperfect modes of compu- 

 tation. But the writers above referred to, in following him, 

 have substituted the present rix dollar of account, equal 10 

 about three shillings, for the coin intended, and then 

 reckoning the denarius loosely as the eighth part of a rix 

 dollar, have thus estimated its value at about 4d. 

 Winer, in his Biblisclies Realwoerterbuch, andWahl, in his 

 Lexicon of the New Testament, estimate its value at about 

 four groschen, or 6d ; Jahn, in bis Arclueologia Bibliea f at 

 24J creutzers, of which ninety make a rix dollar, consequent- 

 ly at about lOd. For these mistakes it is not easy to account. 

 There being no considerable difference in the estimate of 

 the average weight of silver in the consular denarius, all 

 these different estimates of its value are unfounded. That 

 given in Arbuthnot's Tables, namely, 7Jd sterling, w suffi 

 ciently correct, and commonly adopted by English writer*. 



