DON QUIXOTE DORIC. 



711 



172P, devoted himself entirely to sculpture. Don- 

 ner's wcrks, in many Austrian churches and palaces, 

 we masterpieces. The beautiful statues, which form 

 one of the finest ornaments of the fountain in the new 

 market-place at Vienna, and the statue of Charles 

 VI., at Breitenfurt, are particularly admired. He 

 died at Vienna, Feb. 16, 1741. 



DON QUIXOTE. See Cervantes. 



DOON, a river of Ayrshire, which divides the dis- 

 tricts of Kyle and Carrick. Its source is in Loch 

 Enoch and other small lochs in the stewartry of Kirk- 

 cudbright, where it forms the loch of Doon, a lake 

 about seven miles in length, and after a circuitous 

 course of fifteen miles, fells into the sea about two 

 miles south of Ayr. The Doon is the native river of 

 Burns, and the beauty of its " banks and braes " have 

 received from him a not undeserved celebrity. 



DOPPELMAYR, JOHN GABRIEL; a mathemati- 

 cian, born in 1671, at Nuremberg. He travelled 

 through Holland and England, and received a ma- 

 thematical professorship at Nuremberg, which he 

 held forty-six years. He published mathematical, 

 geographical, and astronomical works, among which 

 his celestial atlas has spread his name the farthest 

 (Atlas calestis, with thirty astronomical tables, 

 Nuremberg, 1743, folio). He gained the esteem of 

 Leibnitz, was received into several learned societies, 

 and died in 1759 ; or, according to some accounts, 

 in 1758. In Will's Nuremberg Literary Lexicon, 

 there is a catalogue of his works on dialling, ex- 

 perimental physics, astronomy, &c. Doppelmayr's 

 Account of the Nuremberg Mathematicians and Ar- 

 tists (Nuremberg, 1730, folio), is an important work 

 in respect to literary history. It contains interest- 

 ing notices of the geographical discoveries of Martin 

 Behaim. See Behaim. 



DORAT, CLAUDE JOSEPH ; a French poet, born in 

 1734, at Paris. He renounced the study of law, 

 and afterwards the military service, into which he 

 had entered as a musketeer, and devoted himself 

 entirely to poetry. Among his earlier works arc 

 his tragedies and heroides. Though the latter were 

 received with much applause, he was little fitted 

 for this sort of poetry. His dramatical works were 

 unsuccessful. He has succeeded better in songs, 

 tales, and poetical epistles, and in these departments 

 he is still in high estimation. Owing to his vanity 

 in causing his works to be published with the great- 

 est splendour, he wasted a considerable part of his 

 property. He died at Paris, April 24, 1780. His 

 works appeared at Paris complete in 20 vols. His 

 CEuvres choisies were published in 1786, 3 vols., 

 12mo. For several years he was editor of the 

 Journal des Dames. 



DORCHESTER, the chief town in the county 

 of Dorset, is situated on an ascent above the river 

 Frome, about six miles from the English channel, 

 distant 115 miles west from London. The woollen 

 manufactures formerly carried on have become ex- 

 tinct ; but Dorchester is still famous for its ale, and 

 there are several breweries from which considerable 

 quantities of this liquor are sent to the metropolis. On 

 the adjacent downs vast numbers of sheep and lambs 

 are fed for sale at the markets and fairs, the tolls of 

 which belong to the corporation. Barracks for 

 cavalry were erected a little to the westward of the 

 town in 1795, at the expense of about .24,000. 

 The agreeable and healthy situation of this place is 

 almost proverbial. Dr Arbuthnot, the friend of 

 Swift and Pope, settled here as a physician in the 

 early part of his life, but meeting with little practice 

 he determined to leave the town, because, as he 

 jocosely declared, " a man could neither live nor die 

 in it." Population in 1831, 3033. 



DORCHESTER is also the name of a small town 



in Oxfordshire, situated on the banks of the Thames, 

 near its junction with the Isis, nine miles E. of Ox- 

 ford, and forty-nine W. N. W. of London. 



DOREE. See Dory. 



DORF ; a very common syllable at the end of 

 German names, signifying village ; as Altdorf, Dussel- 

 dorf. 



DORIA ; one of the oldest and most powerful 

 families of Genoa. The annals of this republic do 

 not reach farther back than the year 1100; but, 

 even at this period, we find the Doria family in the 

 highest offices of the state. Four of them were dis- 

 tinguished admirals before the fourteenth century. 

 The most celebrated of the whole family was Andrew 

 Doria, born at Oneglia, in 1468. He gained renown 

 when but a youth, by his heroic conduct against the 

 pirates and Corsicans, and, in 1524, was made ad- 

 miral of the French galleys by Francis I. Receiving 

 some offence from the French, he went over to the 

 Spanish-Austrian party, and thereby prevented the 

 progress of the French arms in Italy. This great 

 naval hero was the deliverer of his country. Since 

 1339, Genoa had been governed by a chief magistrate 

 called the doge, whose office lasted for life ; but the 

 constitution was so disordered, and party spirit so 

 violent, that sometimes the state, sometimes one of 

 the parties in it, was compelled to seek protection 

 from a foreign power, which usually became the 

 oppressor of the whole. Thus Genoa was, at one 

 time, under the yoke of Milan or Austria ; at another 

 time, of France. In 1528, France had possession of 

 Genoa, when Doria surprised the city, drove out the 

 French without bloodshed, received the title of father 

 and deliverer of his country, and established an im- 

 proved constitution. Only twenty-eight noble families 

 were allowed to be eligible to the highest offices, 

 which were annually filled anew. The doge and his 

 council presided over the affairs of state, and were 

 chosen at the end of every two years. The great 

 Doria, however, failed in remedying the oppressions 

 and evils of aristocracy ; and many of his institutions 

 were changed by a statute, in 1576, on which the 

 future constitution was based. Notwithstanding 

 Doria held the office of doge for life, he again en- 

 tered the naval service of Charles V., contended with 

 brilliant success against the Turks and Corsairs, and 

 died in 1560, at the age of ninety-three. Noble as 

 was the character of this great man, and honoured 

 as he was by the Genoese, several conspiracies were 

 yet formed against him, of which that of Fiesco was 

 the most dangerous ; but they were suppressed by 

 his address and decision. 



DORIC ; belonging to the Dorian race, or of a 

 quality or style common in that race. The Dorians, 

 one of the four great branches of the Greek nation, 

 derive their name from Dorus, the son of Hellen. 

 They dwelt first in Estiaeotis, were then driven by 

 the Perrhaebi into Macedonia, forced their way into 

 Crete, where the lawgiver Minos sprang from them, 

 built the four Dorian towns (^Dorica Tetrapolis) at 

 the foot of mount O3ta, between Thessaly, ^Etolia, 

 Locris, and Phocis, and subsequently, together with 

 the Heraclidae, made a settlement in the Peloponnesus, 

 where they ruled in Sparta. Colonies emigrated 

 from them to Italy, Sicily, and Asia Minor. The 

 four chief cities of the Greek race were distinguished 

 from each other by marked peculiarities of dialect, 

 manners, and government ; and the Dorians were the 

 reverse of the lonians. The Doric manner always 

 retained the antique style, and with it something 

 solid and grave, but, at the same time, hard and 

 rough. The Doric dialect was broad and rough ; 

 the Ionic, delicate and smooth ; yet there was some- 

 thing venerable and dignified in the antique style of 

 the former : for which reason it was often made us* 



