714 



DORSE Y DOUGLAS. 



ports are fish, oil, seal skins, coal, anil culm. This 

 county consists of 27 L parishes, containing twenty- 

 two market towns ; viz., Dorchester, Lyme, Sliaftes- 

 bury, Pool, Bridport, Wareliain, Corfe Castle, Wey- 

 mouth, Melcomb Regis. Sherborne, Blandford, Cran- 

 borne, Beaminster, Abbotsbury, Bere, Evershot, 

 Milton Abbey, Frampton, Stalbridge, Sturminster, 

 Cerne, and Winburn ; the first nine being borough 

 towns. Population in 1831, 150,400. 



DORSEY, JOHN SVNG, an American physician, 

 was born in Philadelphia,Dec. 23, 1783, and received 

 an excellent classical education, at a school in Phila- 

 delphia, of the society of Friends. At the age of fif- 

 ' trru years, he applied himself to the study of medi- 

 ' cine ; and, in the spring of 1802, being then in his 

 nineteenth year, was graduated doctor in physic, 

 having previously defended an inaugural dissertation 

 < Mi the Powers of the Gastric Liquor as a Solvent of 

 i urinary Calculi. Not long after he received his de- 

 gree, the yellow fever appeared in Philadelphia, and 

 prevailed so extensively that an hospital was opened 

 lor those sick with this malady, to which he was ap- 

 pointed resident physician. He improved this op- 

 portunity of investigating the disease, elucidated 

 some of the more intricate parts of its pathology, and 

 aided in the establishment of a better system of prac- 

 tice. At the close of the same season, he visited 

 Europe. He returned home in Dec., 1804, and en- 

 tered on the practice of his profession. His reputa- 

 tion, amiable temper, popular manners, and fidelity and 

 attention, soon introduced him to a large share of busi- 

 ness. In 1807, he was elected adjunct professor of sur- 

 gery, and held the office till he succeeded to the chair of 

 materia mediea. He delivered two courses of lectures 

 on this subject, when, the chair of anatomy becoming 

 vacant, he was raised to that professorship, but did 

 not survive his election above a week. He contri- 

 buted many valuable papers to the journals, and his 

 Elements of Surgery (2 vols., 8vo) embraces, in a 

 narrow compass, a digest of surgery, with all the re- 

 cent improvements which it had received in Europe 

 and America. 



DORT; a pleasant commercial town hi South Hol- 

 land on tile Menve and Biesbosch, situated on an 

 island, which was formed by the inundation of 1421, 

 when seventy-two villages and 100,000 persons were 

 destroyed. Lat. 5l<> 48' 54" N. ; Ion. 4 39' 42" E. 

 Its great church is a fine building. Its harbour is 

 spacious, and its commerce in Rhenish wines and 

 lumber (which is brought down in rafts, and exported 

 to Spain, England, and Portugal) is important. Ship- 

 building, the manufacture of salt, bleaching, and the 

 salmon fisheries, are extensively carried on. Dort 

 has an artillery and engineer school. It was form- 

 erly the residence of the counts of Holland, and is 

 the native place of De Witt, John Gerhard Vossius, 

 the painter Varestag, and other distinguished per- 

 sons. In 1618 and 1619, the Protestants held here 

 the famous synod of Dort, the resolutions of which still 

 constitute the laws of the Dutch reformed church. 

 The synod declared the Arminians heretics, and 

 confirmed the Belgic confession with the Heidelberg 

 catechism. Since the navigation of the Rhine has 

 not yet been regulated according to the promise of 

 the congress of Vienna, Dort is still in possession of 

 its ancient and unjust right of staple. Population 

 about 18,000. For a more particular account of 

 the synod of Dort, see Armenians and Armmius. 



DORTMUND ; a city on the Ems, in Prussian 

 Westphalia (900 houses and 4500 inhabitants) ; hit. 

 51 61' 24" N. ; Ion. 52 26' 41" E. It was form- 

 erly a free, imperial, and Hanseatic city. In 1803, 

 ft was bestowed on the prince of Orange ; in 1808, 

 Napoleon gave it to the grand-duke of Berg; in 1815, 

 it was ceded to Prussia. Its archives contain inter- 



esting manuscripts and documents of the time 

 the chief tribunal of the Vehme was here. 



DORTRECHT. See Dort. 



DORY, or JOHN DORY ; a fish belonging to the 

 genus zeus of Linnaeus, and celebrated for i lie deli- 

 cacy of its flesh. The species is distinguished by 

 having the spinous portions of the dorsal and anal 

 fins separated by a deep emargination from the soft- 

 rayed portion, and having the base of all the vertical 

 fins, and the carina of the belly anterior to the anal 

 fin, furnished with spines or serratures; colour, yel 1 

 lowish-green, with a blackish spot on eacli side ; 

 dorsal and anal with furcate spines, and a long fila- 

 ment produced from behind each dorsal spinous ray. 

 Tradition has rendered this fish famous on several 

 accounts. First, it is said to derive the mark on each 

 side of its body, from the impression of the fore finger 

 and thumb of the apostle Peter. There is a schism 

 among the superstitious in relation to this story, 

 as the haddock also enjoys a similar distinction, it ia 

 affirmed, from the same cause. Another fable is, that 

 the impression was produced by the foot of St Chris- 

 topher, which, it is fair to say, is equally probable. 

 The dory obtains its food very much by stratagem, 

 and its exceedingly protractile jaws enable it to cap- 

 ture small fish, &c., in its vicinity with ease, when 

 lying concealed in the ooze or weeds. Torbay, in 

 England, is distinguished as the locality from whence 

 the greatest number of these fish is obtained. They 

 are also found on the coasts of France, on the Atlan- 

 tic shores of Europe, and in the Mediterranean. 



DOSSO DOSSI ; a painter of Ferrara, much 

 honoured by duke Alfonso, and immortalized by 

 Ariosto (whose portrait he executed in a masterly 

 manner) in his Orlando, canto 23. His manner 

 approaches to that of Titian, with whom he painted 

 some apartments in the ducal castle. His paintings 

 there represent bacclianalians, fawns, satyrs, and 

 nymphs. In other paintings he imitated Raphael. 

 Among eight of Dossi's pictures in Dresden, the 

 Dispute of the four Fathers of the Church, is dis- 

 tinguished as a masterpiece by accurate delineation 

 and peculiar power of colouring, and is entirely in the 

 style of Titian. His brothers are less celebrated. 

 He was born 1479, and died 1560. 



DOUBLE ENTENTE (French). Mots a double 

 entente are words which have two different meanings ; 

 entente being, properly, the interpretation given to a 

 word. Double entendre is often used for a phrase 

 which has a covert as well as an obvious meaning. 



DOUBLING a cape is to sail round or pass be- 

 yond it, so that the point of land shall separate the 

 ship from her former situation, or lie between her 

 and any distant observer. 



DOUBLING upon, in a naval engagement ; the 

 act of enclosing any part of a hostile fleet between 

 two fires, or of cannonading it on both sides. It is 

 usually performed by the van or rear of the fleet 

 which is superior in number, taking the advantage of 

 the wind, or of its situation and circumstances, and 

 tacking or running round the van or rear of the 

 enemy, who are thereby exposed to great danger. 



DOUBLOON ; a Spanish coin of the value of two 

 pistoles. See Coin. 



DOUGLAS ; the largest and most populous town 

 in the isle of Man, is situated on the south-east shore, 

 on the banks of two small streams. The approach 

 by the sea is very striking ; on turning either of the 

 heads which form the semicircle of the bay, a variety 

 of impressive objects present themselves at once to 

 the view, in the centre of which is the magnificent 

 palace of the Duke of Athol. In a recess, on the 

 south, rises the town, with a handsome pier and 

 lighthouse. The whole bay is two miles across, and 

 is sheltered from all winds except the north east, l>ut 



