DUN DUNCAN. 



751 



All who wished Ms ruin now rose against him. On 

 liis arrival at the French frontiers, four commission- 

 ers, and the minister Beuriionville, who were sent to 

 arrest him, were delivered by him into the hands of 

 the Austrians. He then issued a proclamation, in 

 which he promised the restoration of the constitu- 

 tional monarchy, in the person of the heir to the 

 crown, but was attacked by the Versailles volunteers, 

 compelled to cross the Scheldt, and to fly to the 

 prince of Coburg (April 4, 1793). The convention 

 set a price of 300,000 livres upon his head. At first, 

 he retired to Brussels, afterwards to Cologne. The 

 elector refusing him a residence in Mergentheim, he 

 went to Switzerland, and, in July, passed over to 

 England, which, however, he was compelled to quit, 

 by command of lord Grenville, roved about, for some 

 time, in Switzerland and Germany, and, at last, 

 settled near Hamburg. Here he published his Me- 

 moirs. There was no party, except that of the Moun- 

 tain, for which this political Proteus did not declare 

 himself, in some of the various pamphlets that he pub- 

 lished during his exile. In 1805,at the time of the battle 

 of Austerlitz, he was hi Teschen. It is certain, that, in 

 1803, he was made counsellor of war to the duke of 

 York; but he did not keep the office long. Shortly after 

 the battle of Eylau, he wrote his Jugement sur Bona- 

 parte, adresse a la Nation Franqaise et a {'Europe. 

 During the Spanish and Portuguese war, he was very 

 active in communicating plans to the British govern- 

 ment, and to the Spanish and Portuguese authorities, 

 fn the Neapolitan revolution, in 1821, he also com- 

 municated plans of defence to the parliament. The 

 British ministry granted him an annual pension of 

 .1200. He died, March 14, 1823, atTurville park, 

 near Henley-upon-Thames, England, at the age of 

 84. Of his Memoirs (Hamburg, by Hoffmann) there 

 has appeared an enlarged edition of 4 vols., in the 

 Paris Collection of Memoirs, by Baudouin. There 

 . is a very complete article on Dumouriez hi the Bio- 

 graphic des Contemporains. 



DUN (hilt) ; a Celtic or ancient Teutonic word, 

 from which comes the French word dune, and the 

 final syllable dunum in Latin, as Augustodunum 

 (Autun). The same word is found in Dunkirk 

 (church of the hills). In Low-German, the word 

 Dune is still used for sandy hills on the sea-shore. 

 It is, perhaps, from the same root with the German 

 Dehnen, Dunst. In several English names, the syl- 

 lable dun is used in a sense corresponding to down. 

 Denmark (Icelandish, Daunmark) is hi part com- 

 posed of a word of similar sound and signification. 

 It means low country. 



DUNBAR ; a royal burgh and sea-port town in 

 Haddingtonshire, situated on a gentle acclivity, at 

 the mouth of the Frith of Forth, twenty-seven miles 

 east of Edinburgh. It is a place of great antiquity, 

 and originated in a castle, once of great strength 

 and importance as a bulwark against the invasions of 

 the English. The castle underwent several memo- 

 rable sieges, but is now an entire ruin. The har- 

 bour and quay of Dunbar are rather incommodious, 

 and the usual depth of water is scarcely sufficient to 

 float vessels of 300 tons burden. With the excep- 

 tion of some trade in corn, almost the only traffic 

 carried on by sea here is connected with the catch- 

 ing, curing, and selling of fish, particularly herring. 

 The manufactories of the town are, a soap work, an 

 iron foundery, and an engineering establishment. 

 The parish of Dunbar is about nine miles in length 

 oy two in breadth. Population of burgh and parish 

 in 1831, 4735. 



DUNBAR, WILLIAM, the most eminent of all the 

 old Scottish poets, was born, probably- in East Lo- 

 thian, about the middle of the fifteenth century. In 

 his youth, lie seems to have been a travelling novi- 



ciate of the Franciscan order, but he returned to 

 Scotland in 1490, and attached himself to the court 

 of James IV., from whom he received a small pen- 

 ion. 



On the marriage of James IV. to Margaret of Eng- 

 land, Dunbar celebrated that event, so auspicious of 

 the happiness of his country, in a poem of singular 

 beauty, entitled " the Thistle and Jhe Rose," in which 

 he emblematized the junction and amity of the two 

 portions of Britain. He seems to have afterwards 

 been on good terms with the queen, for he addresses se- 

 veral poems in a very familiarstyletohermajesty. Not- 

 withstanding, however, his great merit as a poet, he 

 seems to have lived a life of poverty, with perhaps 

 no regular means of subsistence but his pension. 

 He appears to have addressed both the king and 

 the queen for a benefice, but always without success. 

 How it came to pass that king James, who was so 

 kind a patron to men possessing powers of amuse- 

 ment, neglected to provide for Dunbar, is not to be 

 accounted for. Next to " the Thistle and the Rose," 

 the most considerable poem by Dunbar was " the 

 Golden Targe," a moral allegorical piece, intended 

 to demonstrate the general ascendency of love over 

 reason : the golden targe, or shield of reason, he 

 shows to be an insufficient protection to the shafts of 

 Cupid. He is also supposed to be the author of an 

 exquisitely humorous tale, entitled " the Freirs of 

 Berwick," which has supplied the ground-work of 

 a well known poem, of Allan Ramsay, designated 

 "the Monk and the Miller's wife." Another com- 

 position, styled " the Twa Marriet Wemen and the 

 Wedo," contains much humorous sentiment, and 

 many sarcastic reflections upon the fair sex. An- 

 other poem of his, entitled " a Dance," presents pic- 

 tures of the seven deadly sins, equally expressive, 

 perhaps, with any that could have been delineated by 

 Milton himself. 



Dunbar died about 1536. He had the fortune, 

 rare in that age, of seeing some of his works printed 

 in his own lifetime. In 1508, among the very first 

 efforts of the Scottish press, Chapman and Millar 

 published his " Golden Targe," his " Twa Marriet 

 Wemen and the Wedo," and several other poems. 

 The remainder of his compositions have only reached 

 us through the medium of the Bannatyne and Mait- 

 land manuscripts. An edition of his poems, with a 

 copious life and notes, was published by Mr David 

 Laing, of Edinburgh, in 1834. 



DUNCAN, ADAM, viscount, a naval officer of dis- 

 tinguished skill and courage, was born in Dundee, 

 in 1731. He went to sea when young, obtained a 

 lieutenancy in 1755, was made master and commander 

 in 1759, and was a post captain in 1761. In that 

 station he served, in the following year, at the taking 

 of Havanna ; and, hi 1779, he shared in the victory 

 of admiral Rodney over the Spaniards. In 1789, he 

 was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral of the blue ; 

 and, by regular gradation, in 1794, he became vice- 

 admiral of the white squadron. The following year 

 he was appointed commander of the North Sea fleet ; 

 when, after a tedious and harassing service of two 

 years, occupied in watching the motions of the Dutch, 

 in the harbour of the Texel, admiral Duncan found 

 himself obliged to leave his station, and sail to Yar- 

 mouth roads, in consequence of the mutinous dispo- 

 sition of his sailors. The Dutch fleet put to sea, 

 which was no sooner made known to admiral Dun- 

 can's men than they returned to their duty, and he 

 immediately sailed in pursuit of the enemy, came up 

 with them, defeated them, and captured the com- 

 mander, admiral De Whiter, and eight of his ships. 

 The conqueror was rewarded with the title of vis- 

 count Duncan, and a pension of 2000 a-year. He 

 died, August 4, 1804. 



