784 



ECCLESIASTICAL ESTABLISHMENTS. 



Archbishops and bishops, 

 rations and dignitaries. 



Prebends, 



Parish rectors, .... 

 Curates, . . . 



Other benefited clergy, . 

 Religious men of the greater orders, 

 Reiivioii. men of the miuor orders, 



Hermitands 



Servants, 



SacrisUua, church clerks, 



Monks, 



Friars with shoes. 



Friars without shoes, . . 



Regular cougregatioulsta, . . 



Servants of regulars, 



Youths in their houses, 



Total, . 

 Nuns and religious women, 



62 



2,399 



l.M.'l 



16,481 



4,927 



16,400 



17,411 



9,088 



1,410 



8,987 



15,000 



6,500 



18,500 



30,000 



2,000 



6,400 



1,800 



148,24.1 

 32,000 



Total of regular and secular clergy, . . 130,242 



Property belonging to the Clergy. 

 Pious foundations fr the use of both sexes, 



Value. 



consisting in lands and buildings, 

 Ettates of the secular clergy, 

 Estates of the regular clergy, 



JE62, 500,000 

 62,000,000 



62,000,000 



Real property, land, and building*, . lS6,500,000 

 exclusive of tithes, and various other taxes and dues 

 for the clergy. The population of Spain, in 1827, 

 was estimated in Hassel's Historical and Statistical 

 Almanac, published in 1829, at 13,953,959. The 

 number of places of worship may be 11,000. At 

 the period of the Spanish revolution, the cortes, by a 

 decree of October 24, 1821, introduced a new 

 organization of the Spanish church, abolishing all the 

 monasteries, excepting ten or twelve, declaring all 

 gifts and legacies to monasteries, churches and hos- 

 pitals unlawful, and curtailing the whole ecclesias- 

 tical establishment, so as to effect a saving of forty- 

 four and a half millions of dollars annually to the 

 nation, reckoning the annual expense of the church 

 to the nation, before the revolution, at six per cent, 

 on the church property. But the king, on his restora- 

 tion to absolute power, October 1, 1823, immedi- 

 ately annulled all the decrees of the constitutional 

 government and the ecclesiastical establishment was 

 placed on its former footing. The Spanish clergy, 

 however, contribute considerably to the support of 

 the government. Their contributions are as follow : 



1. The sutsidio, or voluntary gift of 100,000 annu- 

 ally ; the excusaiio, or tithe, of the tenth house or 

 farm, originally appropriated for building and repair- 

 ing churches. Pope Pius V. allowed Philip II. to 

 apply the produce of this tax to his wars against the 

 infidels. It is now applied to the ordinary expenses 

 of the state. The king has the choice of ail the 

 houses and farms, and selects the most valuable ; so 

 that this tenth may be considered equivalent to one- 

 eighth or one-seventh of all the tithes of the parish. 



2. The tiercias reales is a tax of two-ninths of the 

 tithes received by the clergy. 3. The noveno, 

 another ninth part of the tithes annually paid to the 

 clergy. 4. The novales, tithes on land newly brought 

 into cultivation. 5. The diezmos extentos, the tithe of 

 all lands originally exempted from clerical jurisdic- 

 tion. The whole of the above taxes are farmed. These, 

 however, are not the only burdens imposed on the 

 clergy. It has for some time been the practice to 

 oblige them to pay two years' revenue upon their 

 appointment to a new benefice. The payment is 

 made during a period of four years, being the half 

 of each year's income ; and, on the expiration of this 

 term, the incumbent is sometimes removed to another 

 living, to undergo the same depletory operation dur- 

 ing another four years. In consequence of this pol icy. 

 the Spanish clergy, formerly so wealthy, are now, 

 in many cases, but indifferently provided for, and are 

 daily becoming of less consequence in the estimation 

 of the people as well as of the government. Many 



of the great dignitaries, however, are very rich. 

 Next to the ecclesiastical principalities of Germany, 

 the richest Catholic prelacies are found in Spain. 

 The archbishoprics of Toledo, Seville, Santiago, 

 Valencia, and Saragossa have larger revenues than 

 any in France, or any other country. Some of the 

 bishops and other dignitaries, also, have very consi- 

 derable incomes. The bishop of Murciu receives 

 annually about 20,833 sterling, and the bishop of 

 Lerida jt'10,000. The possessions of some of the 

 monasteries, particularly some of the Carihusi.ms 

 and leronymites, include the greatest part of the 

 district in which they are situated. These religious 

 foundations, while they depopulate and impoverish 

 the neighbouring country, increase poverty and idle- 

 ness by indiscriminate charily. 



Latin Catholic Church in Hungary. 



Hearers, 4,000,000 



Places of worship 3,230 



Average number of persons to a place of worship, . 1,240 

 Clergymen, 5,4b9 



3 archbishops, 18 bishops, 16 titular bishops, 274 prebeu- 



daries and canons, 51 58 working clergy. 

 Average number of clergymen to a place of worship, . I J 



or 5 clergymen to 3 places of worship . 



Average number of clergymen to 1000 persons, . . i{ 

 Income 314,214 



37 archbishops and bishops, .... 96,000 

 374 prebends and canons 58,000 



lM,000 



5158 working clergy, averaging 33 each, . 170,214 

 4,000,000 of hearers, at 0,000 per million of 

 hearers, .... ... 320,000 



This is, perhaps, the greatest instance on the continent 

 of Europe of the abuse of church property : 311 compar- 

 atively idle churchmen possess themselves of nearly as 

 much income as 515S working clergymen, who, with .scan- 

 ty means of existence, labour in tho ministry, and are the 

 real spiritual pastors of the people. 'I he richest benefices 

 are considereq a provision for members of the great fami- 

 lies of Hungary. Any benefice producing more than 

 3400 a-year, pays the surplus to the fund for the workiug 

 clergy. 



CaMnittic Church of Hungary. 



Hearers, . 1,050,000 



Places of worship 1,351 



Clergymen, . \,364 



One place of worship for every 750 people. 



One clergyman for every place of worship. 



Income 1383 clergymen, average 44 each, . . 60,896 



1,050,000 hearers, at 60,000, per million of hearers, 63,CK) 



Lutheran Church of Hungary. 



Hearers, 650,000 



Places of worship 448 



Clergymen, 456 



One place of worship for every 1500 persons. 



One clergyman for every place of worship. 



Income, . .... 25,080 



Highest stipend, 80 average, 55 for 456 per. 

 sons. 



650,000 hearers, at 40,000 per million of hearers . 26,000 

 Estimated Expenditure on the Clergy in Italy. 



Hearers, 19,391,200 



The Italians are all Roman Catholics. According to a 

 publication called Prospetto geographico statiitico degli 

 Stati Europei, printed at Milan, 1820, they are distributed 

 as follows : 



Kingdom of Sardinia, i.of which the island 520,900), 3,965,r.OO 

 Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, subject to Austria, 4,I17;000 



Duchy of Pwrnia, 390,000 



Duchy of Modrna (Reggio and Mirandola), . 350,fOO 



Duchy of Massa and Carrara, .... 30,000 



Duchy .>f Lucca . 127,000 



Grandduchy of Tuscany 1,198,00.) 



States of tlie Church, ..... 8,430,000 

 Republic of San Marino, ..... 7,000 

 Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, or Naples, . . 7,5"6,000 



(Of which the island of Sicily l,6tiC,000.) 



19,39 1,200 

 Malta, m.fiOO 

 Corsica, 180,000 



2S+,fiOO Italian?, but detached from Italy. 



Places of worship, 1> ; ,170 



Clergymen, ....... 20.40C 



Estimated at one working clergyman for every 1000 pf r- 

 pons (being more than in France, and less than in Spniu). 

 and 1000 dignitaries, a follows : 



