ECCLESIASTICAL ESTABLISHMENTS. 



785 



1 pnpe, 



4/5 cardinal?, 

 3S archbishops, 

 52 bishops, . 



"Estimated at one prelate for every 

 200,000 people, 



S53 other dignitaries, 

 19,400 working clergymen. 



20,400 



One clergyman for every 950 persons. 

 One place of worship for every 1200 persons. 

 Income .......... 776,000 



Being at the rate of *0,000 per million of hparers. 



19,3!ll,200 hearers, at 40,000 per million of hearers, 776,000 



This table is taken from Remarks on the Consump- 

 tion of the public Wealth, by the Clergy of every 

 Nation, &c. (London, 1822) , and is said to have been 

 framed with the assistance of a gentleman who had 

 resided a considerable time in the great cities of 

 Italy, particularly in Rome, and had given much 

 attention to the subject. 



The following statements respecting Russia are 

 taken from the Statistique et Itineraire de la Ritssie, 

 par J. H. Schnitder, Paris and St Petersburg, 1829. 

 The population is estimated at 55,000,000. The 

 clergy of Russia may be estimated at 230,000 indivi- 

 duals in actual service, of whom the cities comprise 

 about 60,000 ; over 190,000 belong to the orthodox 

 Greek church, inclusive of the lay brothers, the chor- 

 isters, &c. ; the Catholic clergy amount to more than 

 30,000; the Protestant clergy do not exceed 1000, 

 and there are over 9000 Mollahs. These are all 

 allowed to marry, except the Catholics. Nearly 

 200,000 are fathers of families, and the total number 

 of persons connected with the clergy may be com- 

 puted at 900,000. Their condition differs according 

 to their rank : the metropolitans, the archbishops, 

 bishops, and the archimandrites are rich ; but the 

 great mass of the clergy is poorly provided for. 

 The monks are numerous, and are supported at the 

 expense of the state ; but their wants are few, and 

 their manner of living extremely simple. The secular 

 clergy, which is under the superintendence of the 

 bishops, is divided into protohiereis or archpriests, 

 hiereis or priests (popes), and deacons. The regular 

 clergy, which is also called the black clergy (tchornoie 

 doukhovenstro) comprises the archimandrites, the igou- 

 menoi or priors, the igoumenaior abbesses, the monks 

 (monachi), and nuns (monachinf), and the hermits 

 (poustynniki). The bishops are taken from the regu- 

 lar clergy, and any priest, who desires to remain 

 attached to the ecclesiastical order after the death 

 of his wife, must enter that body, and is then called 

 a hiero-monk. The revenues of the clergy consisted 

 originally of tithes ; but, after it had come into pos- 

 session of large landed estates, cultivated by boors, 

 its support was derived partly from their produce, 

 and partly from the raskol-nitchii-prikaze, or tax paid 

 by dissidents for the privilege of wearing the beard. 

 The management of the revenues was in the hands 

 of the patriarch, until Catharine 1 . established a com- 

 mission for the purpose, which was, however, sup- 

 pressed in 1742. The holy synod was then intrusted 

 with their administration ; and it appears, from an 

 enumeration made by order of the empress Elizabeth, 

 in 1746, that 839,546 male boors were attached to 

 the estates of the clergy. These estates were secu- 

 larized by Peter III. in 1762, who appointed a new 

 commission for their management. Catharine II. 

 began by abolishing this board, and improving the 

 condition of the clergy. In 1764. she secularized all 

 the ecclesiastical possessions, re-established the com- 

 mission, and assigned a fixed revenue to the mem- 

 bers of the clergy. The chambers of account, in the 

 capitals of the governments, are now invested with 

 the administration of these estates, the annual 

 revenue of which is estimated at 250,000 silver rubles, 

 which is expended in paying the salaries of the 



clergy. Notwithstanding this seizure of their do- 

 mains, the clergy have still a considerable amount of 

 land connected with the convents, or with the church, 

 but there are no boors attached. 



Church or Kirk of Scotland. 



The established religion in Scotland is the Presbyterian 

 or Calviuistic sect, and is denominated the kirk of Scotland. 



Hearers, 1,500,000 



According- to Sir John Sinclair, in 1814, there were 

 in Scotland, 



Hearers of the established Presbyterian clmrcli, 1,407,524 

 Dissenting- Presbyterians, . . . S56,<>00 



Baptists, Bereans, Glassites, . . . 50,000 



Scottish Episcopalians, . . . 28,000 



Church of England, ..... 4,000 



Roman Catholics 50,000 



Methodists 9,000 



Quakers, . . .... 300 



Total, . . 



Places of worship, .... 

 One place of worship for every 1,500 persons, 

 Clergymen, . . . . 1,00(1 



Average number of clergymen for a place of worship, 

 Average number of clergymen for 1500 persons, . . 1 



Income . 206,360 



Being an average of 220 fur B38 clergymen. Their sti- 

 pend can in no case be under 150; it averages much 

 more ; and then they are provided with a manse, or dwel- 

 ling-house, and a glebe of land. 



1,500,000 hearers, at 135,000 per million hearers, 202,500 

 The revenue of the Scottish clergy, according to 

 the Remarks, is derived from a charge on the rents 

 of land, paid by the landlord throughout Scotland. It 

 is a moderate charge, amounting to about ninepence 

 sterling an acre on lands in cultivation, and, although 

 it is called teinds or tithe, does not amount nearly to 

 the tithe in England. An estate in Scotland pays 

 .30 on 800 statute English acres, while the same 

 sum of .30 is in some cases paid by an estate of 

 eighty acres in England. 



The average Number of People for whom there is a 

 Church. 



In France, . . . . . . 1,1 so 



In Scotland, . . ..... l.SOO 



In Spain, ....... I.ooo 



In Portugal, ...... J.oro 



In Hungary, Catholics, ..... 1,240 



In do. Calviniste, . . . 750 



In do. Lutherans, ..... 1,500 



Tfte average Number of Persons for whom there it a Clergy. 



man provided. 

 In France, ... , 1.1SO 



In Scotland . l,5oo 



In Spain, ....... 700 



In Portugal, ...... 700 



In Hungary, Catholics, . . . . .730 



In do. Calvinists, . . . . .750 



In do. Lutherans, ..... 1,500 



There are in France about 9000 clergymen generally en. 

 paged in tuition, who have not employments in the church, 

 but who render occasional and regular aid to the ministers 



France one clergyman for every 830 persona. 

 The following estimates are taken from the Re- 

 marks above quoted, as are also the preceding re- 

 specting Scotland, &c. 



Estimated Expenditure on the Clergy of the Established 



Church of England. 

 IN ENGLAND AND WALES. 



Hearers 6.000,100 



The whole population is l?,ioo,noo j if one half are 

 hearers of the establishment, it is certainly the outside. 

 Places of worship, ..... 11,743 



Clergymen, ...... 18,000 



Archbishops, ...... 



Bishops, ...... 



Archdeacons, .... 60 



Deans, . . 



Canons and prebends, ..... 644 



Dignitaries, ...... 657 



Working clergy, rectors, vir.jra, curates, and chap- 

 lains, ... . . 17,343 . 



3 u 



