798 



EDINBURGHSIHRE. 



Giles, formerly the cathedral, situated in the Hi-h 

 Street, and said to have been founded as early as the 

 ninth century. Between the years 1829-33, the 

 edifice was remodelled by an entire casing of new 

 walls, and now forms two churches, with a spacious 

 hall for the meeting of the General Assembly. The 

 other churches connected with the establishment are 

 Trinity collegiate church, the Old and New Grey 

 Friars, the Tron church, the Canongate, St Cuth- 

 berts, and Lady Y esters all in the Old Town; and the 

 churches of St Andrew, St George, St Mary, and St 

 Stephen, in the New Town, all fine buildings. Be- 

 sides these, there are numerous chapels, belonging to 

 Episcopalians, Catholics, and Dissenters. The High 

 School of Edinburgh ranks among the first establish- 

 ments for the elementary education of youth in tile 

 British empire ; and the new building for the pur- 

 poses of this institution, erected from a design by Mr 

 Hamilton, is a fine specimen of the Grecian style of 

 architecture. The Edinburgh Academy is a similar 

 institution with the High School, but the fees are 

 higher. 



Heriot's Hospital, founded in 1658, through the 

 munificent bequest of George Heriot, jeweller to 

 James VI., was erected at the expense of 30,000, 

 by the magistrates of Edinburgh, and other nomi- 

 nated trustees for the education and support of the 

 sons of poor burgesses and freemen of the city. 

 Watson's Hospital is a similar institution, established 

 in consequence of the bequest of George Watson, 

 who died in 1723, and bequeathed 12,000 for the 

 maintenance and education of the children and grand- 

 children of members of the Merchant Company. 

 Among the other charitable foundations, are, Trin- 

 ity Hospital, the Orphan Hospital, the Merchant 

 Maiden and the Trades' Maiden Hospitals, Gilles- 

 pie's -Hospital, the Asylum for the Blind, the Mag- 

 dalen Asylum, the Deaf and Dumb Institution, the 

 Lying-in Hospital, and the Dispensary. 



The manufactures carried on in Edinburgh at present 

 are chiefly such as contribute to support the wants 

 or luxury of the inhabitants ; among which may be 

 included the making of cabinet work and various 

 kinds of household furniture, of carriages, and of 

 musical instruments ; the linen manufacture, which 

 has been long established ; the manufacture of 

 shawls, silks, and sarsenets ; those of glass, marble, 

 brass, and iron work. (See Leith, for an account of 

 the maritime commerce of Edinburgh.) There are 

 also several distilleries on a large scale ; and Edin- 

 burgh has long been famous for its ale, large quan- 

 tities of which are sent to London and other parts of 

 the kingdom. Printing and bookselling form an 

 important feature in the trade of Edinburgh. In- 

 deed, this ancient metropolis, though inferior in ex- 

 tent as a literary mart to London, has, during the 

 present century, taken the lead in publishing, so far 

 as the fashion of the trade is concerned. Without 

 adverting to the poems and novels of Sir Walter 

 Sco't, which found such a host of imitators, we may 

 state that the Edinburgh Review established a new 

 species of periodicals in the country, and Black- 

 wood's Edinburgh Magazine, by its life and vigour, 

 revolutionized the character of the old Monthlies. 

 Constable's Miscellany, also, and the uniform edition 

 of the Waverley Novels, gave the first examples of a 

 method of publication now very generally adopted 

 by the London booksellers, and Chambers's Edin- 

 burgh Journal, more recently, has been followed by 

 a number of similar cheap publications. The prin- 

 cipal periodical works now publishing in Edinburgh 

 are, the Edinburgh Review, the Edinburgh Medical 

 and Surgical Journal, the Journal of Agriculture, 

 and the Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, quarterly ; 

 the Presbyterian Review, every two months ; Black- 



wood's Edinburgh Magazine, Tail's Edinburgh Mag- 

 azine, the Christian Instructor, the United Secession 

 Magazine, the Christian Herald, and Me]>hcn's Ec- 

 clesiastical Journal, monthly. Among the estab- 

 lished newspapers in Edinburgh, are, the Caledonian 

 Mercury, and the Evening Courant, published on 

 Monday, Thursday, and Saturday ; the Gazette, tin- 

 Observer, and the Advertiser, on Tuesday and 

 Friday ; the Scotsman on Wednesday and Saturday ; 

 the Weekly Journal on Wednesday; and the Weekly 

 Chronicle, and Saturday Evening Post, on Satur- 

 day. 



Edinburgh, by the burgh reform Act of 1833, pos- 

 sesses a town council, consisting of thirty-one mem- 

 bers, chosen by the qualified voters for members of 

 Parliament; a deacon convener, elected by the 

 incorporation of trades, and a dean of guild by the 

 incorporation of guildry. The council elects a lord 

 provost and four bailies, who compose the magis- 

 tracy. The city returns two members to parlia- 

 ment. 



There are fourteen incorporated trades, or char- 

 tered companies, namely, the Royal College of Sur- 

 geons, chartered in 1605; the Goldsmiths' Com- 

 pany, 1581; the Skinners, before 1586; the Fur- 

 riers, uncertain ; the Hammermen, 1483 ; the Wrights 

 and Masons, 1475; the Tailors, the Bakers, the 

 Fleshers or Butchers, 1488 ; the Cordiners or Shoe- 

 makers, according to Maitland, 1449 ; the Weavers, 

 1475; the Waulkers or Cloth Scourers, 1500; and 

 the Bonnet Makers, 1530. The more modem com- 

 mercial institutions include the Merchant Com- 

 pany, established by royal charter in 1C11 ; the Bank 

 of Scotland, established by act of parliament in 

 1695; the Royal Bank of Scotland, incorporated by 

 cliarter in 1727 ; the British Linen Company, incor- 

 porated in 1746; the Commercial Bank, and the 

 National Bank of Scotland. 



Edinburgh, within the last thirty years, has greatly 

 increased in size and population. In 1801, its inha- 

 bitants, including Leith, were 82,560 ; in 1831 they 

 had increased to 162,156. Its main support is de- 

 rived from the law, to which belong judges, to the 

 number of about 20 ; advocates 500 ; writers to the 

 signet 700, and a variety of inferior practitioners. 

 The professors of the University and private lecturers, 

 &c., constitute a considerable number, and genteel 

 families are attracted there from every part of Scot- 

 land, by the opportunities of education and agreeable 

 society. Yet the city cannot be said to be at present 

 in a flourishing condition. Of late years many curtail- 

 ments have been made on the Scottish legal depart- 

 ments, which have proved injurious to Edinburgh, 

 and there must necessarily be a limit to the pros- 

 perity of a place in which neither trade nor com- 

 merce form a prominent feature. In wealth and 

 population, Glasgow now greatly exceeds Edin- 

 burgh ; and, unless some new sources of busiiu^s 

 arise in the east, there is reason to fear that the 

 old capital of Scotland will, at no distant period, be 

 distinguished chiefly in the recollections of the past. 

 See Maitland's History of Edinburgh, folio ; Hugo 

 Arnot's History of Edinburgh, quarto ; and, more 

 particularly, Mr Robert Chambers's very interesting 

 Traditions of Edinburgh, Walks in Edinburgh, Reeki- 

 ana. 



EDlNBURGHSHIRE,or MID LOTHIAN, a county 

 of Scotland, bounded on the north by the Firth of 

 Forth and the river Almond, which divides it from 

 West Lothian or Linlithgowshire ; on the east by 

 Haddingtonshire, on the south by the counties of 

 Lanark, Peebles, and Berwick; and on the west 

 corner by part of the county of Linlithgow. It ex- 

 tends about thirty miles in length, and its breadth 

 varies from sixteen to twenty; containing in all 



