860 



ENGADINA ENGHIEN. 



ENGADINA, or ENGADINE; a beautiful val- 

 ley in Switzerland, in the Grisons, on the banks of 

 the Inn, bordering on the Tyrol, about tliirty-five 

 miles long, but in some parts very narrow, divided 

 into Upper and Lower. Upper Engadina contains 

 3000 inhabitants; Lower Engadina, 4647. They 

 speak tin- Romish language. 



ENGANO ISLE ; an island about thirty miles 

 in circumference, lying off the south-west coast of 

 Sumatra, in lat. 5 2V S.; Ion. 102 20' E. The 

 male inhabitants go naked, and are fairer and taller 

 than the Malays. Their anus are a long spear and 

 a knife. The women and men wear several savage 

 ornaments ; among other tilings, they wear a large 

 ring of cocoa-nut or leaves in large holes made in 

 their ears. Their religion is unknown. In 1771, 

 the English made an expedition to Engano, which 

 was not more successful than that of the Dutch in 

 1(543. 



ENGEL, JOHN JAMES, one of the most eminent 

 prose writers of Germany, whose works should be 

 among the first read by every learner of the German 

 language, was born at Parchiin, in 1741, and received 

 the rudiments of his education from his father, the 

 clergyman of that place. After studying at several 

 German universities, he accepted the office of profes- 

 sor in a gymnasium at Berlin, where he was soon 

 made a member of the royal academy of sciences, 

 and wrote the greatest part of his works. He after- 

 wards went to Schwerin. On the accession of the 

 present king of Prussia, whose tutor he had been, he 

 was invited oy his former pupil to Berlin, where he 

 made himself exceedingly useful in the academy of 

 sciences by his excellent and instructive writings, 

 and enjoyed the esteem and the society of the most 

 eminent men. His unremitted labours, in spite of 

 sickness and hypochondria, hastened his end. He 

 died at the place. of his birth in 1802- Among his 

 philosophical works may be mentioned his Philosoph. 

 fur die IFelt, distinguished for acute observations on 

 men and manners, enlivened by elegant illustrations. 

 Of a similar character is his Mirror for Princes (Fur- 

 stenspieget). His Ideen zu einer Mimifc, full of taste, 

 acuteness, and knowledge of human nature, may be 

 regarded as a kind of manual for players. He also 

 wrote some plays Der dankbare So/in, Edelknaben, 

 &c. His Lorenz Stark, a novel, isa masterly picture 

 of life and manners. A complete edition of his 

 works appeared at Berlin, 18011806, in twelve 

 vols. 



ENGHIEN, or ENGUIEN; a town in the 

 Netherlands, in Hainaut; eight miles E. N. E. of 

 A Ui, 30 N. N. E. Valenciennes; population, 3045. 

 Here is a superb castle with a park and gardens. 

 This place gave the title of duke to a prince of the 

 house of Bourbon Conde, hi memory of a victory of 

 the great Conde, obtained here. The last that bore 

 the title was executed March, 1804. See Enghien, 

 duke of. 



ENGHIEN, LOUIS ANTOINE HENRI DE BOURBON, 

 duke of, was born at Chantilly, August 2, 1772, and 

 was the son of Louis Henry Joseph Conde, duke of 

 Bourbon (see the three articles of Conde), a descendant 

 of the great Conde. He became the pupil of the cele- 

 brated Millot. In 1789, he emigrated, travelled 

 through various parts of Europe, and went, in 1792, 

 to Flanders, to join the troops of his grandfather, the 

 prince of Conde, in the campaign against France. 

 From 1796 to 1799, he commanded, with distinguish- 

 ed merit, the vanguard of Conde's army, which was 

 disbanded at the peace of Luneville. He was then, 

 in 1801, led, by his love of the princess Charlotte de 

 Rohan Rochefort, to Ettenheim, in Baden, where he 

 resided as a private citizen, and where he married 

 Ujis lady. In the same year he was tried and exe- 



cuted, under circumstances which weighed heavily 

 on ttie character of Napoleon Bonaparte. 



The cause and manner of his death have excited 

 so much discussion, that we shall here take up the 

 subject at greater length, than we usually allow to 

 our biographical notices. 



At the period in question, the newly established 

 peace of France, and of all Europe, was threat- 

 ened, in the person of Bonaparte, then first con- 

 sul of France. Some of those enemies, who had not 

 been able to subdue him in the field of battle, at- 

 tempted his assassination. Many alarming symp- 

 toms were observed. In the middle of January, 

 1804, bets were made at London that the first 

 (on-ill would not live to see the next April. A 

 new edition of the old pamphlet of Col. Titus against 

 Cromwell, entitled Killing no Murder, was dedicated 

 to Bonaparte. One of the principal commercial 

 houses in Vienna wrote to a banker at Paris, " Here, 

 as well as in Paris, the winter is mild ; but the end 

 of February is dreaded. Well-informed persons as- 

 sert that you will have an earthquake. If you intend 

 to make any speculations, regard this information as 

 certain. I am not at liberty to say more." See 

 Buchholz, Geschichte Napoleon Bonaparte's, Berlin, 

 1829, vol. iii. p. 273 a work by no means partial 

 towards Napoleon. 



These indications were soon actually followed by a 

 conspiracy in Paris against the life of the first consul, 

 fifty persons at Paris, some of distinction ,were engaged 

 in the conspiracy, before it was discovered by the po- 

 lice : among them were Annand and Julius Polignac 

 (the late prime minister of France), sons of the duke of 

 Polignac, who had played so conspicuous a part at 

 Louis XVIth's court. Under the articles Pichegru 

 and GeorgesCadoudal, we shall speak more respecting 

 this conspiracy. Suffice it here to say, that the detec- 

 tion of these conspiracies had shown that English 

 money had been used, and that it was known that 

 the English ministers at Munich and Stuttgard, were 

 aiding the emigrants in their attempts against France, 

 and perhaps also plotting against the French govern- 

 ment. England was, as it were, taken in fiagrante 

 delicto. The first consul found himself in the great- 

 est danger. At the frontier on the Rhine, corps of 

 emigrants were again collected. Georges had been 

 arrested some time previously ; and those who had 

 been employed by him stated, that, at intervals of 

 ten or twelve days, a person came to visit him, to 

 whom he and Riviere and Polignac showed great 

 respect. The police believed this person to be one 

 of the Bourbon family, and, after several conjectures, 

 the duke of Enghien, who for some time had been lost 

 sight of at Ettenheim, was fixed upon as the probable 

 person. The distance between Ettenheim and Paris 

 was such, that the duke might have reached the city 

 in a few days. An officer of the gendarmerie, being 

 sent to observe him, was informed at Strasburg that 

 the prince sometimes visited the theatre of that city, 

 which was not true, but it was commonly believed 

 that the prince was often absent from Ettenheim, hunt- 

 ing for some days, and that Dumouriez lived with 

 him. In short, the French government became im- 

 pressed with the idea that the duke was at the head of 

 the conspirators, considering it, probably, unlikely 

 that the prince would reside so near the frontier if 

 he had no political designs, and, probably, no one at 

 present doubts that the duke would have acted the 

 part of a Bourbon prince, if any revolution had taken 

 place in the heart of France. Even Sir Walter Scott 

 acknowledges this. 



The first consul, according to the account civen 

 by Las Cases, vol. vii. of his Memorial, was taken 

 by surprise in this affair. One day after dinner, the 

 discovery of some new plots was announced to him 



