452 



GLAIR OF EGGS GLASGOW. 



sinnof rage. The mustachiiK ;,n>! the rope on the 



mrk nre perliap* tlie work of u inoiicrii ar.isi. 



Michael Angelo. Kvery reader will remember 



Byron's affecting vei>e* on tliis statue : 

 I aee before me the Gladiator lie : 

 He leans upon his hand his manly brow 

 Consents o death, but conquer* agony, 

 And his drooped head sinks gradually low 



And through his side the last drops, ebbing slow 

 From the red gush, fall heavy, one by one, 

 Like the first of a thunder-shower ; and now 

 The arena swims around him he is gone 



Ere censed the (inhuman shout which hailed the wretch 



who won. 



He heard it, but he heeded not his eyes 

 I! i >; it it/i his hi'iirt, inul that tras far away ; 

 He ncked not of the life he lost nor prize, 

 But ti hrre his rude hut by the Danube lay; 

 'I here trrre his young barbarians all at play, 

 There was their Uiiciun mother he their sire, 

 Butchered to make a Roman holiday 

 All this rushed tcith his blood Shall he expire 



And unavenged? Arise, ye Goths', and glut your ire ! 



GLAIR OF EGGS is the same as the white of eggs, 

 used as a varnish for preserving paintings. For this 

 purpose, it is beat to an unctuous consistence, and 

 commonly mixed with a little brandy or spirits of 

 wine, to make it work more freely, and with a little 

 lump sugar, to give it body, and prevent it cracking, 

 and then spread over the picture with a fine elastic 

 brush. 



GLAMOUR, or GLAMER ; an old term of 

 popular superstition, in Scotland, denoting a kind of 

 magical mist believed to be raised by sorcerers. 



GLANVIL, or GLANVILLE, RANULPH DK ; an 

 English baron of the twelfth century, celebrated as a 

 lawyer and a warrior. He was of Norman descent ; 

 and, in the reign of Henry II., held the office of 

 justiciary of the kingdom. It was at that period 

 that he signalized his valour in repelling the inva- 

 sion of England by William, king of Scotland, who 

 was taken prisoner as he was besieging the castle of 

 Alnwick. Richard I., after his accession to the 

 crown, is said to have imprisoned Glanvil, and 

 obliged him to pay for his freedom the sum of 

 15,000 towards the expenses of a crusade to the 

 Holy Land*. The aged magistrate accompanied his 

 master on the expedition to which he had so largely 

 contributed, and perished together with a vast multi- 

 tude of other English warriors, at the siege of Acre, in 

 1190. To judge Glanvil is attributed a curious 

 treatise on the laws and customs of England, which 

 was first published in 1554. A translation by John 

 Beames, of Lincoln's Inn, appeared in 1812, with a 

 life of the autlror. 



GL ARUS, one of the smallest cantons of the Swiss 

 confederacy, the seventh in rank, surrounded by the 

 cantons of St Gall, the Grisons, Uri, and Schweitz, 

 contains 445 square miles, with 24,000 inhabitants, of 

 whom 4000 are Catholics, the others Calvinists. On 

 all sides, except towards the north, Glarus is walled in 

 by glaciers and mountains covered with snow. The 

 river Linth flows through it. In 1352, it joined the 

 Swiss confederacy. The inhabitants are distinguished 

 for their industry. Merino sheep have recently been 

 introduced into this canton, and the quality of the 

 wool has by this means been considerably improved. 

 Large quantities of cheese are annually exported 

 from this canton to various parts of Europe. The 

 constitution is a pure democracy. The capital, 



Qlarus, situated on the Linth, has 4000 inhabitants. 

 It lies at the foot of the Glarnisch, a mountain 9500 

 feet high. It contains a Catholic church, several 

 schools, considerable manufactories, &c. The green 

 cheese, called Schabzieher, is made here. Four 

 miles below Glarus, on the Linth, is Nafels, where 

 the inhabitants twice defeated (1352 and 1388) 

 superior numbers of Austrians. 



GLASGOW, a city of Scotland, in Lanarkshire, 

 the most populous in the kingdom, and distinguished 

 tor tlie extent of its manufactures and commerce, is 

 situated on the lnks of the river Clyde, near the 

 north-western extremity of the above shire, in 

 55 51' 32" north latitude, and 4 17' 54" west 

 longitude ; distant from Edinburgh 42 miles ; from 

 Aberdeen, 144 ; from Manchester, 213 ; from London, 

 397 ; and from Dublin 196 miles. 



[As this Encyclopedia is the first work of the kind 

 published in Glasgow, we may be excused for giving 

 a more detailed account of the city than we generally 

 bestow on topographical subjects.] 



History. The name of Glasgow is of uncertain 

 etymology. There are several names of plares in 

 Scotland which end in gow, as Linlithgow, Lesma- 

 hago, &c. : gow or go, says Bryant, signifies a house 

 or temple, also a cave or glen, and sometimes, in a 

 more extended sense, it is found, among the ancient 

 Celts and Germans, to denote a town or village. 

 By substituting C for G, and spelling the word 

 according to the Gaelic pronunciation, we have 

 Clais-ghu, the black or dark ravine* and this 

 appellation is supposed to have alluded to the woody 

 glen at the east end of the cathedral, through which 

 the little stream, called tlie Molendinar,f flows. In 

 that glen, whatever may be the derivation of the 

 name, there is reason to conclude that the germ of 

 the city was planted. The first historical notice we 

 have of the place is that of a religious establishment 

 having been founded there, towards the close of the 

 sixth century, by Kentigern, a disciple of Servan, tlie 

 venerable Culdee of the Inch of Loch-Leven. This ec- 

 clesiastic, who was also affectionately called Mongah 

 or Mungo, which signifies in the Norwegian language 

 dear friend, founded his church here about the year 

 580 A. D., and died in 601, leaving the infant town 

 his blessing, and thereby becoming its protecting 

 saint. He was buried at the east end of the cathedral, 

 and the remains of a monument to his memory, con- 

 sisting of an effigy in a mutilated state, may still be 

 seen in the bishop's cemetery, beneath the great altar. 

 The vale of Clyde was at this period inhabited by a 

 race of ancient Britons, who, after the abdication 

 of the Romans, (under whom it had formed a part of 

 the province of Valentia,) formed themselves into an 

 independent kingdom, and for two or three centuries 

 resisted the attacks of the Picts from the northern side 

 of the Forth, of the Scoto-Irish from Cantyre, and of 

 the Saxons from Northumberland. Notwithstanding 

 being thus surrounded by enemies, who envied their 

 possessions, then embracing the most fertile and 

 beautiful portion of Scotland, we find the " kingdom 

 of Strath-Clyde," or the Cumbrian or Welsh kingdom, 

 still enjoying its independence at the death of Bede, 

 the historian, in 734 A. D. It consisted of part of 

 Peebles-shire, Dumfries-shire, Ayrshire, Lanarkshire, 

 Renfrewshire, the western parts of Stirlingshire, and 

 the greater part of Dumbartonshire. As it formerly 

 had been under the domination of theRomans, its inha- 

 bitants had attained a degree of civilization unknown 

 to the more northern tribes, and from it emanated 

 some of the earliest and most successful propagators 

 of Christianity. St Patrick, the apostle of the Irish, 

 was born in the neighbourhood of Alcluyd, or Dum- 



Other etymologists derive the name from Eaglais, a 

 church, and dim, black ; Eaglais-tlhu, or Eagluisgv, signi- 

 fying, on this supposition, the black kirk, or kirk of black 

 friars. 



tin technical Latin Molendinaria signifies a grist- mill. From 

 the vicinity of the stream to the cathedral, it was probably 

 brought into requisition by the monks and tbeir dependents to 

 turn tbeir corn-mills, and hence received from them the 

 appellation of Rivulus Molendinarur,aT grist-mill burn. It 

 is still used to grind grain. 



