474 



GLASGOW GLASS. 



The following results refer to 1831 



Births. Males, 

 l!iiri;iK Mules, 

 Ma'es under 5 years, 

 Males under 10 years, 

 Males under 15 years, 

 Males under 20 years, 

 Males under 30 years, 

 Males, entire population, 



3,527 ; Females, 3,341. 

 KXIVHS i>f Mali's, isf.. 

 v.701 ; Females, s,.|s.|. 

 l.xivgs of Males, 217. 

 15,422; Females, 14.S5.V 

 Kxcess of Males, >87. 

 :s,fi49; Females, 27,435. 

 Excess of Males, 1,1 14. 

 39,040 Females, 38,155. 

 1 xri'ss of Males, 885. 

 47.5^9 ; Females, 50,41 1. 

 Kxcess of FeniHles, 2,882. 

 62,706 ; Females, 73,419. 

 Excess of Females, 10,713. 

 93,724; Females, 109,702. 

 Excess of Females, 14,978. 

 The births, including 471 still-born, being 6868, and the popu. 

 latinn : 02,420, there is one birth for every -,;i 47-100tli persons. 

 The buriah being 5185, and the population 202,426, there is 

 one burial for every 39 4-loOth persons. 



1 hi- marriages being 1919, and the population 202,426, there 

 ii one marriage for every 103 48-100th persons. 



The births being 6868, and the number of marriages 1919, there 

 are 3 57-100t!i birtlis to each marriage. 



The children were baptized as follows : 

 By Clergymen of the Established Church, 

 liy Do. Secession Church, 



By Do. Relief Church, 



By Do. Roman Catholic Church . . .. 



By Do. Scotch Episcopalian Do., Indepen- 



dents, Methodists, and other denominations, includ- 

 ing births among Baptists, Society of Friends, Jews, 

 &<., . . . .... 1024 



Still-born, . . . .... 471 



6868 



The number of families being 41,965, and the population 

 202,4U6, there are 4 82.100th persons to each family. 



The population in 1S31, consisted of 163,600 Scotch, 35,554 

 Irish, 2,9i9 English, and 353 Foreigners; of whom 104,162 per- 

 HHIS were of the Established Church, 71,299 were Dissenters or 

 Kpidi "p;>lians, and '26,965 Roman Catholics. 



Householders. Males Married Men, 30,032 ~) 



Widowers, 1,790 > 33,259 

 Bachelors, 1,437 J 

 Females Widows, 

 Spinsters, 



Total Householders, 



31?3 



. 664 



671 



915 



1,437 

 6,824 



1,882 



rf)R 

 '" 



41,965 



, . . , 



In the census for 1841, the return for Glasgow and suburbs 

 was. Houses inhabited, 52,441; Uninhabited, 2337; Building 5'2't- 

 Males, 130,478, Females, 143,846; Males under 20, 60,232; Femafes 

 under 20, 63,771; born in the county of Lanark, 143,874; else- 

 where, 130,450. Total population of Glasgow and suburbs, in 

 1841, 274,324. 



Authorities. There have been various histories of 

 Glasgow published, but none of great merit. The 

 first in point of time is that " by John M'Ure alias 

 Campbell," published in 1736. M'Ure was "Clerk 

 to the Registration of Seisins and other Evidents for 

 the district of Glasgow," and from " a true effigy" of 

 him, which graces his volume, we are given to under- 

 stand that he was seventy-nine years of age when he 

 published it. A verbatim reprint of M'Ure was pub- 

 lished in 1830, by Messrs Macvean and Wylie, to 

 which were affixed an interesting appendix and notes. 

 " The History of Glasgow, by John Gibson, merchant 

 in Glasgow," published in 1777, displays much ori- 

 ginal research, and is valuable to the local antiquary. 

 * The History of Glasgow, by Andrew Brown," pub- 

 lished in two volumes, 1795-97, has little to recom- 

 mend it. " Denholm's History of Glasgow," first 

 published in 1797, and several times reprinted, is a 

 respectable performance, as is also " Chapman's Pic- 

 ture of Glasgow/' of which a third edition was pub- 

 lished in 1820. Cleland's " Annals of Glasgow," 

 (1816, 2 vols.) ; his "Rise and Progress of the City 

 of Glasgow," (1820) and other works or modifications 

 of works jn the same subject, are all valuable in a 

 statistical point of view, and have been of much ser- 

 vice to political economists and others in drawing de- 

 ductions. Of miniature accounts of Glasgow, the 

 best is that published in 1826, under the title of 

 ' Glasgow Delineated," a work drawn up with care, 

 and displaying a good knowledge of the subject. The 

 section "Lanarkshire," in volume third of Chal- 

 mers's " Caledonia," must not be overlooked by 

 those desirous of acquainting themselves with the ec- 

 clesiastical history of Glasgow. 



GLASS doubtless owes its origin to clmnc*. Pliiiy 

 informs us that Sidon was the first city distinguished 

 for its glass works, and that the manufacture of glass 

 was not introduced into Home until the reign of 

 Tiberius. He further states, that in tile reign of 

 Nero, the art of making vases and cups of a white, 

 transparent glass, was invented. De Pauw is of 

 opinion that the Egyptians carried the art to the high- 

 est perfection ; and that the glass-works at Diospolis, 

 capital of the Thebaid, were the first regular manu- 

 factory of this material. The Egyptians, according 

 to the same author, performed the most difficult 

 operations in glass-cutting, and manufactured cups 

 of glass of an astonishing purity, of which kind were 

 those called alassontes, supposed to be ornamented 

 with figures in changeable colours. Winckelmann 

 says that the ancients, in general, made much 

 greater use of glass than the moderns. Besides the 

 ordinary utensils, of which a great quantity have 

 been found in Herculaneum, we find many funeral 

 urns constructed of it. Some of the fragments of 

 cups examined by Winckelmann, appeared to have 

 been cut ; some of the raised ornaments having the 

 appearance of being soldered to the surface of the 

 vessels, and bearing marks of the lapidary's wheel 

 on their facettes. The ancients used glass to orna- 

 ment their rooms ; for this purpose, they employed 

 it of various colours, and composed a sort of mosaic 

 of it. Some blocks of glass, used for paving rooms, 

 have been found, of the thickness of a common 

 sized brick. Winckelmann cites some specimens 

 of mosaic of remarkable beauty and delicacy. One 

 of them represented a bird on a dark and coloured 

 ground. The colours of the bird were very brilliant 

 and various, and the whole eftect very soft. The 

 artist had made use of opaque or transparent glass, 

 according to the exigencies of the case. What was 

 not the least remarkable was, that the reverse 

 offered precisely the same figure without the slight- 

 est difference in the details. A little glass ring, 

 which was in the possession of Mr Hamilton, re- 

 vealed the method in which tliis was performed. 

 The exterior of the ring was blue, and the interior 

 represented a species of rose, of different colours, 

 extending the whole circuit of the ring. As melted 

 glass may be drawn out into an amazingly fine wire, 

 this operation may be performed on pieces of glass, 

 compounded of different colours and melted, the col- 

 ours preserving the respective layers when wire- 

 drawn. Caylus thinks this was the manner in which 

 these works of art were made. The most valuable 

 remains of the ancients, in glass, are the impressions 

 and casts of sculptured gems, both in sunk and 

 raised work, and the larger works in relief, of which 

 one whole vase has come down to us. The glass 

 casts of intaglios often imitate the veins of differ- 

 ent colours in the original. These pastes have pre- 

 served the impressions of many beautiful gems, which 

 are lost. Of the larger works in relief we have only 

 some fragments : they served as ornaments to the 

 walls of palaces. The most considerable work or 

 this kind is the cameo described by Buonarotti, and 

 preserved in the Vatican : it is an oblong tablet ot 

 glass, about eight inches by six, representing Bac- 

 chus and Ariadne, with two satyrs. But the most 

 beautiful specimens of this art are the vases adorned 

 with figures in relief: they were sometimes transpa- 

 rent, sometimes of different colours on a dark ground, 

 and so delicately executed, that they were hardly to 

 be distinguished from the vases of sardonyx. The 

 Portland vase is the only one of this sort preserved 

 entire. It was formerly called the Berlerini vase, as it 

 belonged to the Berberini palace at Rome. It is about 

 a foot high, and was at first described as a sardonyx. 

 (See Portland vase.} The ancients were also acquaint- 



