QOEZ GOLD. 



498 



the profound reflections of his philosophical mind, and 

 continually remind us of the deep wells, from which 

 our griefs and joys, fears and hopes, spring. The 

 circumstance, that there is in Germany no national 

 life, that no grand ideas affect the whole mass with 

 a common impulse, that there are few historical re- 

 collections which are sources of a common pride to 

 the whole nation all this had a great influence on 

 Goethe. It was one of the reasons of his universality, 

 and also the reason that his genius directed itself to 

 the delineation of the character of the individual man, 

 considered apart from the influences which act so 

 strongly upon the mind in communities more strongly 

 imbued with a common spirit. In this respect, he 

 resembles not a little the poets and wise men of the 

 east, who, under a despotism which crushes freedom 

 of action, concentrate their thoughts on the inward 

 man. Goethe, we repeat it, is the most universal 

 poet ; thoroughly modern in some of his inimitable 

 songs, in which he gives vent to the tenderest emo- 

 tions of the heart with a sincerity at times almost 

 childlike ; whilst, in other productions, he exhibits 

 the spirit of ancient literature to a degree which 

 probably no modern poet of any nation lias reached, 

 as the resemblance is not merely in the form, but in 

 the very conception of the ideas. The service which 

 Goethe has done to the German language is immense ; 

 he has elevated it, and used it with that ease and 

 freedom, with which genius always handles its ma- 

 terial. The clearness and simplicity of his prose 

 style make it the best model for the imitation of his 

 countrymen. It may, perhaps, be said, with truth, 

 tliat the deficiency of Goethe's productions in great 

 national ideas, such as we find in the poets of 

 other countries, was partly owing to his having 

 passed a great portion of his life at the court of a 

 petty prince. But still his whole organization fitted 

 him to be the observer of individual and of social life 

 in the world around him. His mind had no historical 

 cast, and neither the progress of mankind in different 

 stages of society, nor the great characters who have 

 appeared as representatives of these stages, seem to 

 have excited a powerful interest in him. So, too, 

 his own age seems to have passed by him without 

 exciting in him that interest for either of the great 

 contending parties, which is so strong in minds of a 

 different mould. 



GOEZ, JOSEPH FRANCIS, baron of, a celebrated 

 painter, was born Feb. 28, 1754, at Hermannstadt, 

 in Transylvania, where his father was lieutenant- 

 colonel of a garrison. He was employed in Vienna 

 in the department of justice. His leisure was devoted 

 to the study of the arts. In 1784, he published his 

 series of 160 etchings illustrative of the passions. 

 At the same time appeared his Exercises d' Imagi- 

 nation de differens Caracteres et Formes humaines 

 a series of prints, representing chiefly rural scenes 

 illustrative of character. In 1787, Goez received an 

 invitation from the empress Catharine II., to accom- 

 pany Forster, as draughtsman, on a voyage round 

 the world ; but the project was abandoned on account 

 of the war with Turkey. In January, 1791, he was 

 ordered to leave Munich, on suspicion of being con- 

 nected with the order of the illuminati. He retired 

 to Ratisbon, where he died in 1815. The works of 

 this artist are generally esteemed. 



GOFFE, WILLIAM, one of the regicides in the 

 time of the Commonwealth and a major-general 

 under Cromwell, left England before the restoration, 

 in company with general Whalley, and arrived at 

 Boston in America, June, 1660. They were received 

 kindly by governor Endicott, and resided at Cam- 

 bridge till February, 1661, when the intelligence 

 resehed them that they were not included in the 

 act of indemnity. They then removed to New 



Haven, and were concealed by the principal inhabi- 

 tants. They afterwards resided for some time on 

 West Ilock, and in the neighbouring towns. But 

 in 1664, they removed to Hadley, Massachusetts, 

 and remained concealed fifteen or sixteen years in 

 the house of the reverend Mr Russell. When the 

 Indians attacked the town, in 1675, and threw the 

 inhabitants, who were assembled for public worship, 

 into the utmost confusion, Goffe, who was entirely 

 unknown to them, white with age, of a commanding 

 aspect, and clothed in an unusual dress, suddenly 

 presented himself among them, and, encouraging 

 them by his exhortations, placed himself at their 

 head, and by his military skill secured them the 

 victory. The battle had scarcely terminated, when 

 he disappeared ; and the people, alike ignorant of 

 the place whence he came, and of his retreat, regard- 

 ed him as an angel sent for their deliverance. He 

 died at Hadley, it is supposed, about the year 1679. 



GOG and MAGOG. Ezekiel predicts the destruc- 

 tion of Gog and Magog (c. xxxviii and xxxix), by 

 the Jews, and mention is also made of them in 

 Revelation (c. xx). Interpreters have given very 

 different explanations of these terms ; but they 

 generally understand them to be symbolical expres- 

 sions for the heathen nations of Asia, or more parti- 

 cularly for the Tartars or Mongols. Magog is 

 mentioned as the second son of Japheth in Genesis 

 (c. x. 2.). 



GOGGLES, in surgery, instruments used for the, 

 cure of squinting or that distortion of the eyes which 

 occasions this disorder. They are short conical tubes, 

 composed of ivory stained black, with a thin plate of 

 the same ivory fixed in the tubes ; through the centre 

 of the plates is a small circular hole, to transmit the 

 rays of light. 



GOITRE. See Wen. 



GOLCONDA (now called Hyderabad}; a province 

 of Hindostan, in the Deccan, bounded N. by Berar, 

 E. by the Circars, S. by the Mysore and the Car- 

 natic, and W. by Dowlatabad and Bejapour. It is 

 situated chiefly between lat. 16 and 19 N. Its 

 ancient name was Tellingana, and it was formerly a 

 portion of a very extensive empire, which comprised 

 all the peninsula from cape Comorin to the northern 

 extremity of Orissa. Much of the soil is very fertile, 

 and produces great crops of cotton, rice, and other 

 grain ; also vines in abundance. It has been chiefly 

 celebrated for its diamond mines, the principal of 

 which are in the neighbourhood of Raolconda and 

 Culloor. 6000 men were constantly employed in 

 these mines, but they have ceased to be important, 

 and now hardly pay the expense of working. This 

 country is subject to the Nizam. Having long been 

 under a Mohammedan government, a considerable 

 portion of the inhabitants are of that religion ; the 

 majority, however, are Hindoos : but the people are 

 by no means equal to those of the British provinces. 

 Hyderabad is the chief town. 



GOLCONDA (called also Mankul) ; a fortress of 

 Hindostan, formerly the capital of Golconda, and the 

 residence of the kings ; five miles W. N. W. of 

 Hyderabad. This fortress, for extent, might be 

 called a city, in the middle of which rises a hill like 

 a sugar loaf. It is esteemed by the natives impreg- 

 nable, but is extremely hot and unhealthy. It is 

 now considered as the citadel of Hyderabad, and the 

 repository of the wealth of the Nizam. 



GOLD is the only metal which has a yellow 

 colour a character by which it is at once distin- 

 guished from all other simple metallic bodies. It is 

 the most malleable of the metals. It is exceedingly 

 soft and flexible, but its tenacity is sufficiently great 

 to sustain, in a wire one-tenth of an inch in diameter, 

 500 pounds weight without breaking. Its specific 

 2 i 2 



