506 



GONZAGA GOOKIN. 



Abruczo and Apulia submitted, and Gonsalvo march- 

 ed into Naples, lie then sat down before Gaeta. 

 As the siege was protracted, he gave up the command 

 to ilon Pedro Navarro, and advanced to meet the 

 enemy. He defeated the marquis of Mantua ; and, 

 on the Garigliaiio, with 8000 men, obtained a com- 

 l>lete victory over 30,000 French, the consequence 

 of which was the fall of Gaeta. The possession of 

 Naples was now secured. Ferdinand bestowed upon 

 him the duchy of Sesa, and appointed him viceroy 

 of Naples, with unlimited powers. His kindness, 

 justice, and magnanimity soon procured him the 

 favour of the people. His prosperity, however, raised 

 up powerful enemies against him, whose insinuations 

 so tar prevailed with Ferdinand, that he at first 

 diminished his power, and finally recalled him from 

 his post. Ferdinand even went to Naples himself, 

 and took Gonsalvo with him back to Spain, and made 

 him grand master of the order of St James. Gon- 

 salvo, dissatisfied with liaving lost his influence, 

 conspired with the high constable of Castile against 

 the king, whose prudent measures, however, quelled 

 the insurrection in its very commencement. Gon- 

 salvo retired to his estates in Granada. His dif- 

 ferences with the king, who showed the greatest 

 forbearance towards bis old hero, continued for a 

 long time. They were at last reconciled, and Gon- 

 salvo was upon the point of again assuming the 

 command of an army, when he died at Granada in 

 1515. 



GONZAGA. On the decline of the imperial power 

 in Italy, in the eleventh century, the principal families 

 of Mantua took possession of the government of the 

 place. Among these the house of the Bonacorsi was 

 the most powerful during forty years, until the house of 

 Gonzagarose to eminence. Aug. 14, 1328, Lodovico 

 Gonzaga assumed the sovereignty, after his sons, in- 

 flamed by private revenge, had taken possession of 

 Mantua, with 800 foot soldiers and 500 horsemen, slain 

 Passenino de'Bonacorsi, the chief of the city, on the 

 field of battle, and banished his followers. The emperor 

 Louis of Bavaria then appointed Ludovico the 

 imperial vicegerent. He died in 1360, aged ninety- 

 three. Among his descendants, John Francis Gon- 

 aaga, in 1432, obtained possession of the city, with its 

 territory, under the title of a marquisate, as a fief from 

 the emperor Sigismond. After that time, the house 

 of Gonzaga was divided into several branches, from 

 which sprang many celebrated individuals. With 

 Vincenzo II. the reigning line became extinct in 1627. 

 The next heir would have been the duke of Nevers, 

 Charles I. of Gonzaga, but the duke of Guastalla, 

 Ferdinand II., who was one degree more remote, 

 laid claim to the whole inheritance, and Charles 

 Emanuel, duke of Savoy, claimed Montferrat. It 

 was evident that the house of Nevers had a legal 

 right, for Louis, duke of Nevers, father of Charles I., 

 was brother of Francis III., grandfather of the duke, 

 and, by going to France, did not renounce his claim 

 to the succession. France, Venice, and the pope sup- 

 ported him ; for all three desired to see an end of the 

 overbearing influence of the Spanish-Austrian power. 

 Spain and Austria, on the other hand, supported the 

 groundless claims of the duke of Savoy, whence 

 arose a war concerning the right of succession to 

 Mantua, which finally ended according to the wishes 

 of Richelieu ; for the emperor was obliged to invest 

 Charles, duke of Nevers, with Mantua and Montfer- 

 rat. He obtained peaceful possession of them in 

 1631. His grandson, Charles III. (Charles II. died 

 in 1631, during his father's lifetime), succeeded him 

 in 1637, and, during his reign, the principality ob- 

 tained full independence. (He died in 1665.) His 

 Bon and successor, Charles IV., received a French 

 garrison into Mantua, and engaged, on the side of 



France, in the contest which grew out of the Spanish 

 succession. On this account, tlie emperor Joseph I. 

 declared him under the ban of the empire. He died 

 at Padua in 1708. Austria remained in possession 

 of his territory, and Montferrat was transferred to 

 Savoy. Many persons of this family have obtained 

 military renown. Others have been conspicuous for 

 their love of the arts and sciences. Lodovico Gon- 

 zaga sent Pietro Crema, with letters and a large sum 

 of money, to France, in order to persuade Petrarch 

 to come to him. Another Lodovico Gonzaga, who 

 died about 1549, was a poet. Cassar, in 1565, erect- 

 ed the academy degVinvaghiti ; and others of the 

 family founded galleries of paintings and antiquities. 

 Giulio Romano, under their patronage, established 

 an extensive school for painting, and many celebrated 

 artists received from them support and honour. 

 Lucretia Gonzaga, the unfortunate wife of Paolo 

 Manfrone, left many letters, which have been col- 

 lected and published (1552, which Haym, however, 

 ascribes to Hortensio Landi). Among those who 

 have obtained renown by their influence in state 

 affairs, Louisa Maria, the daughter of duke Charles, 

 is conspicuous. She was married successively to 

 Ladislaus and Casimir, kings of Poland, and died in 

 1667. Her sister Anna, the wife of the prince pala- 

 tine Edward, for same time played an important part 

 at the French court. She died at Paris in 1684, aged 

 68 years, and, from the manuscripts which she left 

 at her death, the interesting Memoires d' Anne de 

 Gonzagues were compiled and published (London 

 and Paris, 1786). 



GOOD FRIDAY. See Friday, Good. 



GOOD, JOHN MASON, a physician, poet, and phi- 

 lological writer, was the son of a dissenting minister, 

 and was born at Epping, in Essex, in 1764. He was 

 apprenticed to a surgeon at Gosport> and engaged in 

 practice at Coggeshall, in his native county. In 1793, 

 he removed to London, where he carried on business 

 for several years as a surgeon and apothecary. In 1810, 

 and the two following years, he delivered physiolo- 

 gical lectures at the Surrey institution, which were 

 afterwards published. Having obtained a diploma 

 from the university of Aberdeen, he commenced phy- 

 sician in 1820, and continued to practice in that 

 capacity till his death, January 2, 1827. His prin- 

 cipal works are, Memoirs of the Life and Writings 

 of Dr Alexander Geddes (1803, 8vo) ; translations 

 of Solomon's Song and the Book of Job ; a trans- 

 lation of Lucretius, On the Nature of things, (1805, 

 2 vols. 4to) ; Medical Technology (1810, 8vo) ; A 

 Physiological System of Nosology (1817, 8vo) ; and 

 The Study of Medicine, (1822, 4 vols. 8vo). 



GOODWIN SANDS ; a bank in the sea, near 

 the coast of Kent, said to have been formerly part of 

 the estate of earl Goodwin ; till, by neglect in pre- 

 serving the dikes and walls, the whole was drowned 

 by the sea. A great part is dry at low water. It 

 lies to the E. of the Downs, about five miles from 

 the South Foreland. 



GOOKIN, DANIEL, a major-general of Massa- 

 chusetts, and author of the Historical Collections of 

 the Indians in New England, was born in England, 

 and, in the year 1621, emigrated to Virginia. He 

 continued to reside in that province until 1644, when 

 he removed with his family to New England, and 

 settled in Cambridge, " that he might enjoy the or- 

 dinances of the gospel in their purity." He was 

 there appointed superintendent of all the Indians 

 who had submitted to the government of Massachu- 

 setts. In 1656, he went to England, and had an 

 interview with Cromwell, who employed him to 

 persuade the inhabitants of Massachusetts to re- 

 move to Jamaica. In 1665, he became very un- 

 popular, in consequence of the support which he pave 



