564 



GREY GREYWACKE. 



i lishments of this unfortunate lady, however, do less 

 honour to her memory than the spirit with which she 

 bore the annihilation of her prospects of sovereignty, 

 and the disgrace and ruin of the dearest object of her 

 affections. The tale of her elevation and catastrophe 

 lias been often related, and has furnished a subject 

 for dramatic composition. The most material cir- 

 cumstances are her marriage with lord Guilford 

 Dudley, fourth son of the duke of Northumberland, 

 in May 1553 ; which, though it originated in the 

 ambitious projects of her father-in-law, was a union 

 of affection. The duke's plan was, to reign in the 

 name of his near relation, iii whose favour he per- 

 suaded king Edward VI., on his death-bed, to settle 

 the succession to the crown. On the decease of the 

 king, lady Jane had the good sense to refuse the 

 proffered diadem ; but, unfortunately, she afterwards 

 consented to accept it, being influenced by the impor- 

 tunities of her husband. Her pageant reign had 

 lasted but nine days, when Mary, the late king's elder 

 sister, was acknowledged queen; and Jane exchanged 

 a throne for a prison. She and her husband were 

 arraigned, convicted of treason, and sentenced to 

 death ; but their doom was suspended, and they might, 

 perhaps, have been allowed to expiate their impru- 

 dence by a temporary confinement, but for the ill- 

 advised insurrection under sir Thomas Wyat, in which 

 the duke of Suffolk, lady Jane's father, was weak 

 enough to participate. The suppression of this re- 

 bellion was followed by the execution of lady Jane 

 Grey and her husband. Mary suspended the execu- 

 tion of her cousin three days, to afford time for her 

 conversion to the Catholic faith ; but the queen's 

 charitable purpose was defeated by the constancy of 

 lady Jane, who defended her opinions against the 

 arguments of the Romish divines sent to reason with 

 her, and prepared herself with firmness for her ap- 

 proaching fate. She was beheaded on Tower-hill, 

 February 12, 1554, her husband having previously 

 suffered the same day. A book, entitled The precious 

 Remains of Lady Jane Grey (4to), was published 

 directly after her execution ; and letters and other 

 pieces ascribed to her may be found in Fox's Martyr- 

 ology. 



GREY, THOMAS. See Gray. 

 GREYHOUND (eanis Grains, Linnaeus). This 

 variety of the canine race is distinguished by a greater 

 length of muzzle than any other dog, a very low fore- 

 head, occasioned by the want of frontal sinuses, short 

 lips, thin and long legs,small muscles, contracted belly, 

 and semipendent ears. There are several sub-varie- 

 ties described by naturalists, as the Irish greyhound, 

 the Scottish, the Russian, the Italian, and the Turkish 

 all which, though differing in size and intelligence, 

 possess the general characteristics of the variety. 

 The common greyhound is of a beautiful and delicate 

 formation, and is universally known as the fleetest oi 

 this race of animals. We have no information when 

 the name greyhound was introduced, the former ap- 

 pellation of gazehound being very applicable to a 

 dog which hunts by sight and not by smell. Its 

 derivation is evidently from Graius, Grecian. The 

 greyhound has been for many centuries in the highest 

 estimation, and in ancient times was considered as a 

 jiiost valuable present. The ardour and velocity o; 

 the greyhound in pursuit of its game, have always 

 been a matter of admiration to sportsmen, and o 

 various opinions as to the difference of speed between 

 a well-bred greyhound and a race-horse. It has, b] 

 the best judges, been thought, that upon a flat, th 

 horse would be superior to the dog ; but that in : 

 hilly country, the latter would have the advantage 

 The natural simplicity and peaceable demeanour o 

 the greyhound has sometimes induced a doubt, whe 

 ther the instinctive sagacity of this particular variety 



is equal to that of some others of the species ; but, 

 from numerous observations, it appears that it posses- 

 ses this attribute in a high degree. Greyhound pups, 

 during the first seven or eight months, are extremely 

 uncouth, awkward, and disproportioned, after which 

 >eriod they begin to improve in form and sagacity. 

 They reach their full growth at two years. The dis- 

 tinguishing traits of superiority are supposed to consist 

 n a fine, soft, flexible skin, with thin, silky hair, a 

 .jreat length of nose, contracting gradually from the 

 eye to the nostril, a full, clear, and penetrating eye, 

 mall ears, erect head, long neck, broad breast, width 

 across the shoulders, roundness in the ribs, back 

 neither too long nor too short, a contracted belly and 

 flank, a great depth from the hips to the hocks of 

 ,he hind legs, a strong stern, round foot, with open 

 uniform clefts, fore legs straight, and shorter than the 

 under. According to the quaint description given 

 n a work printed in 1496, by YVynken de Worde, a 

 reyhound should be 



Headed lyke a snake 



Neckyed lyke a drake, 



Fottyed lyke a cattf , 



Taylled lyke a ratte, 



Syded lyke a teme, 



And chyned like a beuie. 



Greyhounds bred in countries where the ground is 

 chiefly arable, were formerly supposed superior in 

 speed and bottom to those produced in hilly situa- 

 tions ; that opinion, however, is completely super- 

 seded, and the contrary proved to be the case. If 

 fed with coarse food, greyhounds are peculiarly liable 

 to cutaneous and other affections. 



GREYVVACKE, or GRAU WACKE, is a name 

 originally applied by Werner to a fragmented or re- 

 composed rock, consisting of mechanically altered 

 portions or fragments of quartz, indurated clay 

 slate and flinty slate, cemented by a basis of clay 

 slate, the imbedded particles not exceeding a 

 few inches in diameter, and sometimes becoming 

 so minute as to be no longer visible, when the 

 rock was denominated grau wacke slate. As this 

 formation came to be examined more extensively in 

 other countries, the term greywacke was extended so 

 as to embrace nearly all fragmentary rocks, whose 

 mechanical structure comes within the above descrip- 

 tion, however diversified the ingredients may be in 

 their nature or dimensions, or whatever may be the 

 nature of the cement, whether siliceous or argillace- 

 ous, provided only they are anterior to the new red 

 sandstone and coal formation. The reason of this 

 extension was, that the greywacke of Werner was 

 found to pass by insensible degrees into rocks, which, 

 notwithstanding they were obviously produced by the 

 same causes, and occupied the same relative situa- 

 tions with his rock, were, nevertheless, excluded 

 from coalescing with it by the too limited character 

 of his definition. So much diversity, however, exists 

 among the varieties of this rock, that it has been 

 found convenient to distinguish them by separate 

 names. Thus we have greyivacke slate when the 

 ingredients are very comminuted, greywacke when 

 they are of middling size, pudding-stone when they 

 are rounded, conglomerate when they are from four 

 or five inches in diameter to the size of a man's head 

 and larger, gritstone when the concretions are liard 

 and siliceous and the paste siliceous also, and old red 

 sandstone when coloured red by the peroxide of iron. 

 The fragments which compose the rocks of this for- 

 mation, are evidently the debris of the primary rocks 

 that nave been broken down by some powerful 

 catastrophe, and mixed with more recent beds at the 

 period when they were forming. They occupy a 

 place next to the primitive rocks, often in an alter- 

 nating series with mountain limestone, and beneath 

 that class of rocks denominated secondary, between 



