616 



HALLE HALLER. 



obtained an exhibition. Mere he commenced his 

 acquaintance with sir James Macintosh, who was 

 his fellow student. After receiving his second de- 

 gree, he was chosen as colleague with doctor Evans, 

 in the ministry at Bristol, and adjunct professor in 

 1 1 it- institution. Mr Hall soon became followed and ad- 

 mired by a class of hearers whose approbation might 

 well be valued by any man. His public services 

 were crowded to excess. But, in the midst of his 

 popularity, a dark cloud arose, which threatened to 

 deprive the Christian world of a bright ornament ; 

 his friends trembled as they witnessed the most une- 

 quivocal symptoms of a disordered mind. After 

 confinement from public life, and a long course of 

 judicious treatment, his lofty mind regaiued its liber- 

 ty and power. In 1791, Mr Hall removed to Cam- 

 bridge, and became successor to the extraordinary 

 Robert Robinson. He soon became celebrated as a 

 writer, by his publication of a pamphlet entitled 

 Christianity not inconsistent with the Love of Free- 

 dom. This was shortly after followed by his Apo- 

 logy for the Freedom of the Press, which remains, to 

 the present day, a standard wcrk. Dugald Stewart 

 deemed it the finest specimen of English composition 

 extant at the time when it appeared. But his Ser- 

 mon upon Modern Infidelity established his fame as a 

 divine. In 1802, Mr Hall's mind again received a 

 shock, which required his abandonment of pulpit 

 labours. On recovering from his malady, he became 

 pastor of tlie church at Leicester. H is ministry in 

 that populous town was equally successful. Here 

 Mr Hall, for twenty years, exercised his talents for 

 the good of an affectionate people ; but, in 1825, the 

 church at Broadmead, Bristol, which had enjoyed 

 his earliest labours, having lost their pastor, the 

 learned and venerable doctor Ryland, president of the 

 college, invited him to labour amongst them ; and, 

 in 1826, Mr Hall removed to Bristol, where his 

 popularity was as great as it had been in other 

 places. He died in the year 1832. Benevolence 

 and humility were the prominent features of his 

 moral character. The late doctor Parr was his in- 

 timate friend, and left him a valuable and nattering 

 legacy. He says of him, in his last will and testa- 

 ment, " Mr Hall has, like Jeremy Taylor, the 

 eloquence of an orator, the fancy of a poet, the sub- 

 tlety of a schoolman, the profoundness of a philoso- 

 pher, and the piety of a saint." 



HALLE ; a Prussian city, province of Saxony, on 

 the right bank of the Saale, with 2152 houses, and 

 23,873 inhabitants ; lat. 51 29' 5" N. ; Ion. 11 

 5& 10" E. Halle is first mentioned in 806, when 

 Charlemagne erected a castle here against the Van- 

 dals. The name is derived from the salt-works of 

 this city, among the most ancient of Germany, and 

 producing at present from 14,000 to 16,000 tons of 

 salt annually. These works are still called, by way 

 of eminence, die Halle.* The country around 

 Halle is very fertile, and agriculture is flourishing ; 

 there are also many coal mines. But this city is 

 particularly famous for her university, founded by 

 Frederic I., king of Prussia, and opened in 1694 ; 

 hence called the Frederic university. The great 

 elector of Brandenburg had founded an academy 

 in 1688, which, in 1694, was changed into a uni- 

 versity, when Thomasius came hither from Leip- 

 sic, followed by a number of students. A series of 

 distinguished professors, and the liberal provisions 

 of government, have raised this university to the 

 ^rank of one of the first in Europe, in almost all 

 branches; for instance, Meckel, Reil, J. A. Wolff, 

 Vater, Gesenius, Tholuck, Wegscheider, Pfaff, &c. 



* Ther are also places in Suabia, the Tyrol, Brabant, 

 called Halle, from salt.worK-. 



Napoleon suppressed the university, after the battle 

 of Jena, in 1806. After the peace of Tilsit, it was 

 re-established under the kingdom of Westphalia, and 

 received also professors from the universities of Riu- 

 teln and Helmstadt, then abolished ; but the num- 

 ber of students never exceeded 300 or 400. In 1813, 

 many students having left Halle to join the Prussian 

 troops, Napoleon again abolished the university, and 

 measures were already taken for carrying the order 

 into effect which were interrupted by the battle of 

 Leipsic. A Prussian ordnance of April 15, 1815, 

 united the university of Wittemberg (quite near to 

 tlalle) with that of Halle. The institution thus formed 

 now bears the name of the United Frederic universi- 

 ty of Halle- 1 Wittemberg. The university has since that 

 time advanced rapidly. In 1828, there were 1385 

 students. In 1824, there were 760 students of theology. 

 The theological faculty has six ordinary and four ex- 

 traordinary professors. The library of the university 

 contains 50,000 volumes, with a collection of coins, 

 engravings, &c. Halle was, for a long time, the seat 

 of a theology which adhered strictly to the views 

 and dogmas of the first reformers, or, if it deviated 

 from them at all, inclined rather to mysticism, but 

 has lately become the chief seat of rationalism in 

 Germany, principally through Gesenius and Weg- 

 scheider. The Prussian government has ordered an 

 inquiry into the tenets of these professors, which will 

 most probably lead to nothing decisive. See the 

 articles Franke's Institution, and Canstein. 



HALLE, or HALL, EDWARD; an English chro- 

 nicler, whose works rank with those of Holingshed 

 and Stow. He was a native of London, and was a 

 lawyer by profession, having attained the rank of a 

 serjeant, and the office of a judge in the sheriffs 

 court. He had a seat in the house of commons, and 

 was a zealous Catholic, though he lived at the period 

 of the reformation. His death took place in 1547. 

 Halle's Chronicle was published in 1548, by Richard 

 G rafton, who is reported to have written the latter 

 part of it. The work is curious, as affording deli- 

 neations of the manners, dress, and customs of the 

 age. 



HALLEIN, a town of the Austrian empire, in 

 Salzburg, containing 600 houses and 6000 inhabitants, 

 on the Salza, at the foot of the Durrenberg, has im- 

 portant salt works. The salt is here, as in the neigh- 

 bouring Berchtesgaden (q. v.), obtained from brine. 

 About 20,000 tons are made annually. Pins are 

 made here in great quantity, and the cotton manu- 

 factures in the vicinity employ 12,000 people. 



HALLELUJA, or HALLELUJAH, or ALLE- 

 LU JA (Hebrew) ; praise the Lord ; an expression 

 which occurs often in the Psalms, and which was 

 retained when the Bible was translated into the 

 various languages, probably on account of its full 

 and fine sound, which, together with its simple 

 and solemn meaning, so proper for public religious 

 services, has rendered it a favourite of musical com- 

 posers. The vowels in it are very favourable for a 

 singer. The Roman Catholic church does not allow 

 it to be sung on the Sundays during Lent, on account 

 of the mournful solemnity of the season ; and in that 

 church it is not sung again before Easter. It is no 

 longer sung in masses for the dead, as formerly. The 

 Greeks made an earlier or more common use of the 

 Halleluja than the Latin church. The Jews call the 

 Psalms 113 117, the Great Halleluja, because they 

 celebrate the particular mercies of God towards the 

 Jews, and they are sung on the feast of the Passover, 

 and on the feast of Tabernacles. 



HALLER, ALBERT VON ; a celebrated Swiss phy- 

 sician, distinguished not only for his acquaintance 

 with the physical sciences, but also for his general 

 knowledge of literature, and his talents as a poet. 



