HATCHING HAUGWITZ. 



647 



he twice received the thanks of the East India com- 

 pany, and of the houses of parliament, for his able 

 services in the Indies. lie returned to England in 

 1822, when he was succeeded by lord Amherst. In 

 March 1824, he was nominated governor of Malta, 

 where he resided till near the time of his death, 

 which occurred November 28, 1825, on board his 

 majesty's ship Revenge, in Baia bay, near Naples. 

 The later years of the life of this nobleman were 

 clouded by the consequences of his profuse liberality 

 and generous hospitality, particularly to the French 

 emigrant noblesse. 



HATCHING, natural and artificial. See Incuba- 

 tion. 



HATTERAS, CAPE. See Cape. 

 H ATTI-SHERIFF ; an order which comes imme- 

 diately from the grand signior, who subscribes it usu- 

 ally with these words : " Let my order be executed 

 according to its form and import." These words are 

 usually edged with gold, or otherwise ornamented. 

 An order given in this way is irrevocable. 



HATTON, SIB CHRISTOPHER, an eminent states- 

 man and lawyer in the reign of queen Elizabeth, 

 was entered a gentleman commoner of St Mary 

 Hall, Oxford, but removed, without taking a degree, 

 to the Inner Temple, not to study law, but to en- 

 large his knowledge of the world. He came, on one 

 occasion, to court at a masque, when queen Elizabeth 

 was so much struck with his graceful person and 

 dancing, that an introduction to her favour was the 

 immediate result. He was made one of the queen's 

 pensioners, gentleman of the privy-chamber, captain 

 of the guard, vice chamberlain, privy counsellor, 

 and, in 1587, lord chancellor. His inexperience 

 created much prejudice against him, but his sound 

 natural capacity supplied his deficiency of informa- 

 tion, and his decisions were seldom found defective 

 in judgment or equity. He died in 1591. 



HATZFELD, FRANCIS Louis, prince of, was born 

 at Vienna, 1756, and was, in 1806, governor of Ber- 

 lin, when the French entered it. The French having 

 discovered that prince Hatzfeld continued to give the 

 Prussian government information, &c., Napoleon 

 ordered a court-martial to try him as a spy. The 

 wife of the prince being informed of the danger, has- 

 tened to Napoleon, and threw herself at his feet, 

 assuring him that her husband was incapable oi 

 doing any thing that was dishonourable. Napoleon 

 showed her the letter, which she acknowledged to be 

 written by the prince, and fainted. When she came 

 to herself, Napoleon told her that she had the only 

 document against her husband in her hand, and 

 asked her why she did not burn it. She did so, anc 

 Napoleon pardoned the prince. The Memorial ol 

 Las Cases contains the touching letter which Napo- 

 leon wrote on this occasion to the empress. Hatz- 

 feld was afterwards employed on diplomatic missions. 

 He was Prussian minister at the Hague and Vienna 

 and died, in 1827, at the latter place. 



HAUBOLD, CHRISTIAN GOTTLIEB, doctor, ordi 

 nary professor of German law at Leipsic, and one o 

 the most celebrated jurists of the time, was born ai 

 Dresden, November 4, 1766, and died, in conse 

 quence of over exertion, March 14, 1824. He began 

 the study of law in 1781. In 1784, he defended 

 thesis, De Differentiis inter Testamentum null inn e 

 inofficiosum. In 1786, he delivered his first lecture 

 on the history of Roman law. In 1788, he wa. 

 made doctor of law ; 1789, appointed professo 

 extraordinary of legal antiquities ; and, finally, in 

 182 1, second ordinary professor in the university o 

 Leipsic. Profound knowledge of classical antiquiti 

 and of the languages, prepared him for the study o 

 the Roman law, which he pursued in all its depart 

 ments, and to which he directed all the power 



of his mind, although no province of jurisprudence 

 as strange to him. He secured a permanent repu- 

 ation, especially by his celebrated treatise Institu- 

 'onum Juris Rom. priv. historico-dogmaticorum 

 'enuo recognitarum Epitome, etc. (1821); his Linea- 

 nenta (published from his manuscripts, after his 

 eath, by Otto, Leipsic, 1825); his Doctrines Pan- 

 'ectarum Lineamcnta cum Locis Classicis, etc. 

 1820); his Institutiones Juris Romani Literariae 

 1809) ; his new edition of the Rogerius Beneven- 

 anus (1821), and of the Legal Antiquities of Heinec- 

 ius (1822); his Manuals Basilicorum (1819, 4to). 

 nd his Manual of Saxon Law (1820.) In his 

 lumerous dissertations, he proves himself profoundly 

 ersed in the science of jurisprudence, for which he 

 irepared himself by his laborious researches, his iron 

 ndustry, his scrupulous accuracy, and the collection, 

 t a great sacrifice, of a valuable library. Haubold's 

 ^puscula Academica was published by professor 

 A'enck (Leipsic, 1825.) In a continual intercourse 

 vith Hugo and Savigny, and other eminent jurists of 

 ur time, he has contributed much to the improved 

 nanner of studying the science of law from its 

 ources. As an academical instructor, his celebrity 

 vas so great, that his lecture room was hardly 

 capable of containing the crowds of young men from 

 very part of Germany, and even from foreign 

 countries, who came to receive the benefit of his 

 nstruction. His library, consisting of nearly 10,000 

 olumes on Greek and Roman law, was purchased 

 >y the emperor Alexander for the university of Abo. 

 HAUGWITZ, CHRISTIAN HENRY CHARLES, count 

 jf ; first minister of state and of the cabinet to the 

 ting of Prussia, born, in 1758, upon his father's 

 estates in Silesia. After studying at Gottingen, he 

 married, and went to Italy, where he remained 

 ieveral years. On his return, the Silesian estates 

 elected him director-general of the province. Mean- 

 while, Leopold II., with whom he had become 

 acquainted in Tuscany, had ascended the throne of 

 Germany. Leopold wished to carry certain plans 

 into execution, in conjunction with Prussia, but his 

 propositions met with an unfavourable reception 

 it Berlin, where Hertzberg was then at the head of 

 affairs. The emperor attributed this ill success to 

 the Prussian ambassador, and requested Frederic 

 William II. to send count Haugwitz to his court. 

 The king complied with this request the more 

 readily, as the numerous enemies of Hertzberg en. 

 deavoured to place Haugwitz in the most favourable 

 light. He pleaded his inexperience in diplomatic 

 affairs, as an excuse for not accepting the mission ; 

 but, seeing that, if he persisted in his refusal, he 

 should only offend two powerful princes, he finally 

 accepted the post, but declined receiving any pay. 

 When Hertzberg retired from public affairs, Frederic 

 William, who reposed great confidence in Haugwitz, 

 gave him the portfolio of foreigjn affairs and the 

 presidency of the cabinet. In this situation, Haug- 

 witz, in spite of much difficulty, succeeded in making 

 Prussia the centre of all political movements. 

 Frederic William rewarded the services of his 

 minister with the order of the black eagle, and the 

 grant of estates in South Prussia. When Frederic 

 William III. ascended the throne, Haugwitz retained 

 his station. At this time, the tendency of Haug- 

 witz's policy was to bring France and Prussia into a 

 closer connexion, which procured some important 

 acquisitions to Prussia. But, when the French 

 troops occupied Hanover, in 1803, this step appeared 

 dangerous to the neutrality of northern Germany, 

 which Prussia had sought to maintain, and the views 

 of the king were changed. Under the pretence 

 of sickness, Haugwitz now retired to his estates. 

 Hardenberg, who succeeded him, adopted a different 



