HAYLEY HAYNE. 



653 



had the good fortune to become acquainted with a 

 Mile, de Martinez, the friend of Metastasio. He 

 instructed her iu singing and playing on the harpsi- 

 chord, for which he received his board and lodging. 

 The first opera poet of the age, and the best com- 

 poser of symphonies thus lived in the same house, 

 though in very different circumstances. The poet, 

 honoured with the favour of the court, lived in the 

 midst of pleasures, while the poor musician was 

 obliged to pass the days in bed, for want of fuel. 

 When Mile, de Martinez left Vienna, Haydn was 

 again plunged in the greatest distress. He retired 

 into the suburb of Leopoldstadt, where a hair-dresser 

 took him into his house. This residence had a fatal 

 influence over the rest of his life. He married the 

 daughter of his host, who poisoned his happiest days. 

 Haydn was eighteen years.old when he composed his 

 first quartetto, which met with general success, and 

 encouraged him to new efforts. At the age of nine- 

 teen, he composed the Devil on Two Sticks, an 

 opera which was forbidden, on account of its satirical 

 character, after its third representation. Haydn 

 now became so celebrated, that prince Esterhazy 

 placed him at the head of his private chapel. For 

 this prince he composed some beautiful symphonies, 

 a department in which he excelled all other compo- 

 sers, and the greatest part of his fine quartetts. 

 Here he also composed the symphony known by the 

 name of Haydn's Departure, in which one instru- 

 ment stops after another, and each musician, as soon 

 as he has finished, puts out his light, rolls up his 

 note-book, find retires. When, after a period of 

 about twenty years, the prince Esterhazy reduced 

 his court, and Haydn received his discharge, he went 

 to London, to which he had often been invited. In 

 1794, he made a second journey thither. He found 

 a most splendid reception, and the university of 

 Oxford conferred upon him the degree of doctor of 

 music. In England, Haydn first became generally 

 known ; he had not enjoyed an extensive reputation 

 in his native country. On his return from England, 

 he purchased a small house and garden in one of the 

 suburbs of Vienna. Here he composed the Creation 

 and the Seasons. The former work, which is full of 

 the fire of youth, was finished in his sixty-fifth year. 

 The Seasons, his last work, was completed in eleven 

 months. Among his numerous works are also a 

 Te Deum, a Stabat, many concerts, marches, masses, 

 &c. Haydn made a new epoch in instrumental 

 music. Inexhaustible in invention and execution, 

 always new and original, always surprising and 

 satisfying the hearer, he ruled the taste of the age. 

 His symphonies have all these characteristics. From 

 him the quartetts first obtained a spirit and an artful 

 involution, which enraptured connoisseurs. Some 

 years before his death, which happened May 31, 

 1809, the Dilettanti society in Vienna concluded 

 their winter concerts with a splendid performance of 

 the Creation, to which Haydn was invited. His 

 reception made a great impression on him, weak- 

 ened as he was by age, but his own work affected 

 him still more deeply ; and, at the passage " It was 

 light," overpowered him by the harmony which he 

 had himself created, the tears ran down his cheeks, 

 and, with upraised arms, he cried, " Not from me, but 

 thence does all this come ! " He sunk under the weight 

 of his feelings, and was obliged to be carried out. 



HAYLEY, WILLIAM, an English poet of the last 

 century, was born at Chichester, in 1745, and studied 

 at Trinity college, Cambridge. After quitting the uni- 

 versity, he settled at Eartham, in Sussex, where he 

 possessed landed property, devoting his time princi- 

 pally to literature. His Poetical Epistle to an eminent 

 Fainter (G.Romney), 1778, was followed by two other 

 small poems. In 1780 appeared his Essay on History, 



in Three (poetical) Epistles to Edward Gibbon (4to), 

 and, in 1781, his Triumphs of Temper. He next pub- 

 lished an Essay on Epic Poetry (1782,) Essay on Paint- 

 ing, Triumphs of Music, and Essay on Sculpture. The 

 most popular work which Hayley produced, next to 

 the Triumphs of Temper, was a prose Essay on Old 

 Maids (3 vols., 12mo), illustrated by a series of 

 I ctitious narratives, chiefly satirical. In 1803, he 

 published the life and correspondence of the poet 

 Cowper (2 vols., 4to), to which he added a supple- 

 ment in 1806. He died November 12, 1820. 



HAYMARKET THEATRE; one of the principal 

 theatres of London, so called from the Haymarket, 

 where it is situated. It was opened in 1821, almost 

 on the site of the original building, which was erected 

 in 1702. The theatre is licensed to exhibit regular 

 dramas during summer. 



HAYNE, ISAAC, an American patriot of the revolu- 

 tion, was descended from a highly respectable family 

 in South Carolina ; and when the struggle between 

 the colonies and the mother country commenced, he 

 was living on his plantation, in the enjoyment of an 

 independent fortune. In 1780, he held the rank of 

 captain in a corps of militia artillery, at the same 

 time that he was serving as a senator in the state 

 legislature. Having been disgusted by the promo- 

 tion of a junior officer over his head, he resigned his 

 commission, and returned to the ranks of the com- 

 pany which he had commanded, as a private, in which 

 capacity he served during the siege of Charleston by 

 the royal troops. After the capitulation of that city 

 by which the persons and property of the Americans 

 were guaranteed, though it precluded them from 

 again bearing arms, Mr Hayne returned to his farm. 

 Here, in the beginning of 1781, when his wife and 

 several of his children were dangerously sick of the 

 small-pox, he was required, by the commander of the 

 British forces in his neighbourhood, to take up arms 

 as a British subject, or repair to Cliarleston as a pri- 

 soner. He refused to do either, protesting his invio- 

 lability under the capitulation of Charleston. At 

 length, however, he was induced to go to Charleston 

 by the assurance that he would be permitted to return 

 to his family on engaging to " demean himself as a 

 British subject, so long as that country should be 

 covered by a British army." He obtained a written 

 agreement to that effect, and, after repairing to 

 Charleston, showed it to brigadier-general Patterson, 

 and solicited permission to return home. This was 

 refused, and he was told that he must either swear 

 allegiance to the British government, or be subjected 

 to close confinement. Thus deceived, he at length 

 consented to subscribe a declaration of his allegiance 

 to the king of Great Britain ; but he expressly object- 

 ed to the clause which required him " with his arms 

 to support the royal government," affirming that he 

 never would bear arms against his country. He was 

 assured that this would not be required, and then 

 hastened back to his family only in time to hear the 

 expiring sigh of his wife, and to behold the corpse of 

 one of his children. Although he might have con- 

 sidered himself justified in not complying with his 

 promises to the British government, in consequence 

 of the artifice by which he had been inveigled 

 into the garrison of Cliarleston, and the compulsion 

 by which he had been forced to take protection, in 

 the language of the day, yet such was his scrupulous 

 sense of honour, that he determined to observe them 

 with fidelity. He continued, therefore, to reside 

 privately upon his estate, until he was summoned, 

 after the successes of Greene had changed the face 

 of affairs, to repair immediately to the British stan- 

 dard. This was a violation of the agreement, in which 

 it was stipulated that, he should not be called upon 

 to bear arms against his country ; and finding himself 



