670 



IIKINITZ HELENA. 



nurse's milk, not being weaned until within a few 

 months of his death, which took place at the age of 

 four years and four months, on the 27th June, 1727. 

 A dissertation on this extraordinary child was pub- 

 lished by M. Martini, at Lubeck, in 1730, and ad- 

 dressed to M. Schonich, the child's tutor, who had 

 published an account of him in the fifth volume of 

 the Republic of Letters, which statement was repub- 

 lished in the German language in 1778 or 1779. 



IIKINITZ, ANTHONY FREDERIC, baron of; born 

 in 1724 ; died 1802. In 1763, he laid the plan of 

 the famous mining academy in Freyberg, the bene- 

 ficial effects of which have been extensively felt. In 

 1776 77, he travelled in France and England, and 

 in consequence of his journey, wrote his Essai d Eco- 

 nomic politiyue. Frederic II. of Prussia appointed 

 him minister of state and chief of the mining depart- 

 ment. 



HEINSIUS, DANIEL ; a celebrated Dutch philolo- 

 gist, born at Ghent, in 1580. At fourteen, he was 

 sent to the university of Franeker to study the civil 

 law ; but he applied himself chiefly to Greek litera- 

 ture. Removing to Leyden, he continued his studies 

 under Joseph Scaliger, who paid great attention to 

 so promising a pupil. He read public lectures on 

 Greek and Latin authors at twenty ; and he was 

 afterwards chosen professor of history in the univer- 

 sity of Leyden. He was so much attached to his 

 bottle, as occasionally to incapacitate himself for his 

 professorial duties. He died at Leyden, January 15, 

 1655. His Latin poems consist of elegies, satires, 

 and two tragedies, besides other pieces. He also wrote 

 Greek poems, which were much esteemed, and verses 

 in the Dutch language. 



HEINSIUS, NICHOLAS, son of the preceding, cul- 

 tivated the same branches of learning with his father 

 with success. He was born at Leyden, in 1620, and 

 carefully educated under the paternal roof. He 

 travelled in England, through the Low Countries, in 

 France and Italy. His lather wishing for his return, 

 he went to Leyden ; but remained only a few months, 

 as Christina of Sweden invited him to her court. He 

 established himself at Stockholm in 1650, and was 

 appointed resident from the states of Holland, in 

 October, 1654. The death of his father determined 

 him to return to his native country. In 1658, he re- 

 tired to the Hague. He gave up all his leisure to 

 literature ; and it was against his inclination that he 

 went on a public mission to Muscovy, in 1667. He 

 returned home, with his health much debilitated, in 

 1671. He died at the Hague, October 7, 1681. 

 Much of his time was devoted to literature, notwith- 

 standing his public employments ; and he gave to 

 the world several critical editions of Latin authors. 



HEINSIUS ; grand pensionary of Holland, the 

 favourite and confidant of prince William of Orange, 

 who, in 1688, ascended the English throne as William 

 III. William sent him to Paris, after the peace of 

 Nimeguen, in order to enforce there his claims on 

 the princedom of Orange. Heinsius spoke so boldly 

 for his prince and the Protestants, that Louvois 

 threatened him with the Bastile. From that time, 

 he was the declared enemy of France, and was par- 

 ticularly active during the war of the Spanish suc- 

 cession, to humble Louis XIV. But his opposition 

 to the peace brought the burden of a great debt upon 

 the republic ; and he lost his office, after having held 

 it for thirty years. He died at the Hague, at the 

 age of eighty-seven years. 



HEIR. See Descent. 



HEIR APPARENT is a person so called in the 

 lifetime of his ancestor, at whose death he is heir 

 at law. 



HEIR PRESUMPTIVE is one who, if the ancestor 

 should die immediately, would, under existing cir- 



cumstances, be his heir ; but whose right of in- 

 heritance may be defeated by home nearer heir bting 

 born. 



HKLDENBUCH (German ; Book of Heroes); a 

 celebrated collection of old German poems, drawn 

 from national traditions of events which happened in 

 the time of Attila and the irruption of the German 

 nations into the Roman empire. It contains the ex- 

 ploits and adventures of the emperor Otnit and the 

 dwarf Elberich, of Hugdietrich, Wolfdietrich, king 

 Giebich of Worms, Dietrich of Berne, of king Laurin, 

 the history of the famous garden of roses at Worms, of 

 Hornensiegfried, of the court of Attila, &c. These 

 poems excite the imagination by their lively tales of 

 war and of love. They were written at different times, 

 by various poets. The oldest are of the Suabian 

 period, and, in their form and style, resemble the 

 Nibelungenlied. Among the authors are Henry of 

 Ofterdingen, and Wolfram of Eschenbach. A later 

 text was given in 1472, by Caspar von Roan, and 

 some parts have become popular stories in prose. 

 The oldest impressions give the revised text. The 

 first edition appeared about 1490 ; the second, at 

 Augsburg, 1491 ; the third, at Hagenau, 1509 ; all 

 folio. The beginning of a modernized edition by Von 

 der Hagen appeared at Berlin, 1811, and the Helden- 

 buch in the Original Tongue Das Heldenbuch in 

 der Ursprache, &c. (Berlin, 1820 24, 2 vols., 4to) 

 by the same and A. Primisser. 



HELENA ; in fabulous history, the most beauti- 

 ful woman of her age, sprung from one of the 

 eggs which Leda, the wife of king Tyndarus, 

 brought forth after her amour with Jupiter, metamor- 

 phosed into a swan. (See Leda.) According to 

 some authors, Helen was daughter of Nemesis by 

 Jupiter, and Leda was only her nurse ; and, to re- 

 concile this variety of opinions, some imagine that 

 Nemesis and Leda are the same persons. Her beauty 

 was so universally admired, even in her infancy, that 

 Theseus, with his friend Pirithous, carried her away 

 before she had attained her tenth year, and concealed 

 her at Aphidnae, under the care of his mother JEihra, 

 Her brothers, Castor and Pollux, recovered her by 

 force of arms, and she returned safe and unpolluted 

 to Sparta, her native country. There existed, how- 

 ever, a tradition recorded by Pausanias, that Helen 

 was of nubile years when carried away by Theseus, 

 and that she had a daughter by her ravisher, who was 

 intrusted to the care of Clytemnestra. Her hand was 

 afterwards eagerly solicited by the young princes of 

 Greece, including Ulysses, Diomed, Ajax, son of 

 Oileus, Ajax and Teucer, sons of Telamon, Patroclus, 

 son of Menoetius, Menelaus, son of Atreus, Thoas, 

 Idomeneus, and Merion. At the proposal of Ulysses, 

 Tyndarus bound all the suitors by solemn oath, to ap- 

 prove of the choice which Helen should make of one 

 among them, and engage to unite together to defend her 

 person and character, if ever any attempts were made 

 to ravish her from the arms of her husband. Helei. 

 chose Menelaus. Hermione was the early fruit of this 

 union, which continued for three years with mutual 

 happiness. After this, Paris, son of Priam king of Troy, 

 came to Lacedaemon on pretence of sacrificing to 

 Apollo. He was kindly received by Menelaus, and, in 

 his absence in Crete, he corrupted the fidelity of Helen, 

 and persuaded her to follow him to Troy. At his 

 return, Menelaus assembled the Grecian princes, and 

 reminded them of their solemn promises. They 

 resolved to make war against the Trojans ; but they 

 previously sent ambassadors to Priam, to demand the 

 restitution of Helen. The influence of Paris at his 

 father's court prevented the restoration. Soon aftei, 

 the combined forces assembled, and sailed for the 

 coast of Asia. When Paris was killed, in the ninth 

 year of the war, she voluntarily married Deiphobiis, 



