720 



HETERODOX HEXAMETER. 



hastened from Russia, Poland, Germany, France, Swit- 

 zerland, and Italy. Of the Hellenic volunteers Ypsi- 

 lanti formed the brave legion of Hetaerists, in the black 

 uniform of hussars, with a \Valachian cap, having in 

 front a death's head and thigh bones crossed, witli a 

 three-coloured cockade (black, white and red), and a 

 white banner with a red cross, and the motto of the 

 ancient Labarum, E> TT >/**. The history of their 

 unhappy conflict, and of the manner in which the flower 

 of the Greek youth, the sacred legion of 400 or 500 

 Hetaerists, having been betrayed in the battle of Dra- 

 pa-han (June 19, 1821,) by the Arnaouts and Pandoors, 

 fell victims to their courage and patriotism, is given 

 in the articles Greece, Modern, and Ypsilanti. 

 Twenty only of these heroes, under captain Jordaki, 

 together with some Albanese, escaped, covered with 

 wounds. Another legion, under captain Anastasius, 

 was stationed at Stinka on the Pruth, where they 

 were attacked (June 25) by the pacha of Ibrail, 

 and, after a valiant resistance, fled to the Russian 

 territory by swimming across the Pruth. Jordaki 

 and Pharnaki, with the remaining Hetaerists and 

 some Arnaouts, carried on a partisan war in the 

 mountains and forests of Moldavia, defended them- 

 selves in monasteries, repelled an enemy four times 

 stronger than themselves (for example, at the monas- 

 tery of Slutino, July 25, and the following days), and 

 were finally defeated at the monastery of Seek, Sept. 

 24, 1821, where the wounded Jordaki, to avoid falling 

 into the hands of the Turks, set fire to the monastery, 

 and perished in the conflagration. Thus ended the 

 Hetasria. See Nouv. Obs. svr la Valachie, &c., par 

 un Temoin oculaire, F. G. L, Paris, 1822. 



HETERODOX (from the Greek); meaning be- 

 lieving otherwise, in contradistinction to orthodox. 

 It is chiefly used to designate one who denies the 

 dogmas of a particular church. The Catholics call 

 a person who disbelieves all or certain dogmas of the 

 church (sanctioned by councils and the decisions of 

 popes) a heretic; the Protestants prefer the milder 

 expression heterodox. 



HETMAN, or ATAMAN ; the title of the chief 

 (general) of the Cossacks, said to be derived from 

 the old German word Het (head). While the Cos- 

 sacks were under Polish dominion, king Stephen 

 Bathori set over them (in 1576), a commander-in- 

 chief, under the title of hetman, and gave him, in 

 token of his dignity, a banner or staff of command, 

 and a seal. These marks of dignity are even now in 

 use. The hetman is chosen by the Cossacks them- 

 selves, but the choice must be ratified by the emperor. 

 When the Cossacks submitted to the Russians in 1654, 

 they retained their form of government entire. But 

 the famous hetman Mazeppa having espoused the 

 party of Charles XII., in 1768, with the intention of 

 uniting again with the Poles, Peter I. imposed many 

 restrictions on the Cossacks, and the place of hetman 

 frequently remained long unoccupied. The count 

 Rasumowsky, having been elected hetman in 1750, re- 

 ceived, instead of the former domains and revenues, 

 50,000 rubles annual pay. Catharine the Great abol- 

 ished altogether the dignity of hetman of the Ukraine, 

 and established instead a government of eight mem- 

 bers. The Cossacks of the Don have retained their 

 hetman : his former great authority is, indeed, some- 

 what circumscribed, but he acquires more and more 

 the character of a sovereign, instead of that of a 

 mere general and governor. See Cossacks. 



HEULANDITE ; the name applied to a species 

 of the zeolite family in mineralogy, by H. T. Brooke, 

 in honour of M. Hetiland of London. It had been 

 confounded with stilbite, from which it differs essen- 

 tially, however, in the form of its crystals, which are 

 always some modification of the right oblique-angled 

 prism. In hardness, it is between calcarious spar 



and fluor. Specific gravity, 2 200. It is white and 

 transparent, passing into red, when it becomes near- 

 ly opaque. It consists of silex59'14,aluniine 17'92, 

 lime 7'65, and water 15'40. It is chiefly found in 

 the cavities of amygdaloidal rocks, and occurs in the 

 Faroe isles, the Hartz, and the trap of the Giant's 

 Causeway and of Nova Scotia, at each of which 

 places it is nearly colourless and transparent. It is 

 found at Paisley, in Scotland, and in the Tyrol, of a 

 colour approaching to scarlet, and almost opaque. 



HEXACHORD (from the Greek); & chord in the 

 ancient music, equivalent to that which the moderns 

 call a sixth. Guido divided his scale by hexachords, 

 of which it contained seven ; three by B quadro, two 

 by B natural, and two by B molle. It was on this 

 account that he disposed his gamut in three columns. 

 In these columns were placed the three kinds of 

 hexachords according to their order. Hexachord is 

 also the name for a lyre with six strings. 



HEXAMETER (from the Greek i&fiir ( os), a verse 

 of six feet. The sixth foot is always a spondee (two 

 long syllables), or a trochee (a long and a short). 

 The five first may be alldactyles (two short syllables 

 and one long), or all spondees, or a mixture of both. 

 The scheme of this verse then is, 

 _ ^.^ I _ ^^ | ^^ I _^^^ I __ __ I _ ^_ 



or ,J-lL| -- '| -- l' -- (-I- 

 with all the varieties which the mingling of the two 

 kinds of feet, as mentioned above, affords; as, 



____ ,_, I _ *^,^ I _ _ 1 _ _ I _ x_x>^ I . _ ^ 



I 111 I 



for instance, 



fi.iv, A*y0r{' }; Xptvti 



as, K/AAKV rt ahr<v, Tivtimo TI i$i ataffffiis, 



and so on. This immense variety of which the hex- 

 ameter is susceptible, its great simplicity, its flowing 

 harmony, and its numerous pauses, constitute the 

 charm of this admirable verse, and adapt it to the 

 most various subjects. The hexameter is so long as 

 to require, at least, one caesura, which is generally in 

 the middle of the third foot, either immediately after 

 the arsis (the first part of the foot), which is the more 

 common, in which case the caesura is called a male 

 one; as, 



forte subarguta \ consederat Mice Daphnis ; 

 or the caesura is a syllable later, after the thesis (the 

 latter part of the foot), in which case it is called 

 female, as less nervous and powerful ; as, 



Hue ades, o Melibcee, \ caper tibisalvus et ha'di. 

 If there is no caesura in the third foot, there must be 

 one in the fourth, and then always at the arsis. It 

 is considered a beauty if it be preceded by another 

 caesura in the second foot ; as, 



Qui Bavium \ non edit, amet \ tua carmina Mcevi. 

 Every good hexameter has one of these three chief 

 caesuras, but others may also be used. And here we 

 must mention the caesura in the arsis of the first foot, 

 if the verse begins with a monosyllable, which, in 

 consequence of such caesura, acquires a strong em- 

 phasis ; as, 



Urbs | antiquafmt. Tyrii tenuere coloni. 

 A full stop at the chief cassura, as in the verse just 

 quoted, is considered a beauty. It is hardly necessary 

 to mention, that a hexameter without a caesura, is 

 extremely lame ; as the following : 



Nuper | quidam \ doctus \ ccepit \ scribere \ versus. 

 A monosyllable may be used at the end of a hexa- 

 meter, if preceded by another monosyllable; but if 

 it is the intention of a poet to produce a rough verse, 

 or to express something ludicrous or unexpected, a 

 monosyllable may stand at the end without observing 

 the rule just mentioned ; as, 



Dat latus, insequitur cumulo jircerwptus aqua mom. 

 It is erroneous to suppose that, in reading a hex- 



