742 



HIGH TREASON HILL. 



The articles Hierarchy, and Popery, will show 

 how the Roman Catholic hierarchy made use of the 

 constitution of t lie Jewish priesthood, as a foundation 

 for their own authority, and transferred the preroga- j 

 tives of the high priest to the papal chair. 



HIGH TREASON. See Treason. 



HIGH WATER; that state of the tides when 

 they have flowed to the greatest height, in which 

 state they remain nearly stationary for about fifteen 

 or twenty minutes, when the water begins again to 

 ebb. The time of high water is always nearly the 

 same in the same place at the full of the moon, and, 

 at all other times, the time of high water depends 

 upon the age of the moon ; the rule for finding which, 

 the age of the moon being given, is as follows, viz. : 

 add four-fifths of the days of the moon's age, as 

 so many hours, to the time of high water at the full 

 of the moon, and the sum is the time of high water, 

 answering to that day nearly. 



HIGHWAYS. See Road's. 



HILARION ; a Christian anchorite of the fourth 

 century, born at Gaza, in 291. On his conversion 

 from idolatry, he became the founder of monachism 

 in Syria, after the example of St Anthony, whom he 

 had seen in the deserts of Egypt. To this purpose, 

 he dedicated the whole of his possessions, and, by 

 the fame of his sanctity, induced many to join him. 

 His death took place in the year 371, in the island of 

 Cyprus. 



HILARY, ST. ; a Christian prelate of the fourth 

 century, one of the early fathers of the church, born 

 at Poictiers, of which city, after his conversion from 

 heathenism, he eventually became the bishop, in 355. 

 His zeal in favour of the At;hanasian doctrine re- 

 specting the Trinity, which he defended with much 

 energy at BezieVes, drew on him the persecution of 

 the Arian party, with Saturninus at its head, who pre- 

 vailed on the emperor Constantius to exile him into 

 Phrygia. After four years spent in banishment, he 

 was permitted to return to his see, where he occu- 

 pied himself in committing the arguments for his 

 side of the question to writing, and continued to dis- 

 tinguish himself as an active diocesan till his death, 

 in 367. His works were printed in folio, at Paris, in 

 1 693. There was another of the same name, bishop 

 of Aries, a Semipelagian in his opinions, who was the 

 author of a life of St Honoratus, and some devotional 

 tracts. He died in 449, and also enjoyed the honour 

 of canonization. 



HILDBURGHAUSEN, SAXE, one of the Saxon 

 duchies, consisting of part of the former duchy of 

 Coburg and the county of Henneburg, received its 

 name from its former capital. It is situated on the 

 southern declivity of the Thuringian forest, and is 

 moderately fertile. It has estates on the old system. 

 The nobility sends six deputies, the cities five, the 

 peasants six, the clergy one. Compared with many 

 other estates, they enjoy considerable privileges : 

 they grant taxes, and have the inspection of the 

 public revenue, the right to impeach officers, and to 

 propose laws. By the treaty of division (1826), 

 between Coburg, Hildburghausen and Meiningen, 

 respecting the lands of the extinct lines of Saxe- 

 Gotha and Altenburg, Hildburghausen received the 

 principality of Altenburg, with the exception of 

 Kamburg, and, in return, gave up the territory of 

 Hildburghausen to Meiningen. Thus, the Hild- 

 burghausen line received, instead of 230 square 

 miles, with 32,000 inhabitants, 530 square miles, 

 with 108,000 inhabitants. 



HILDBURGHAUSEN ; the former capital of the 

 duchy, on the Werra, a well built town, with 3500 

 inhabitants. 



HILDEBRAND. See Gregory VII. 



HILDESHEIM ; formerly a German bishopric, 



now a principality of the kingdom of Hanover, on 

 the north side of the Hartz; very fertile. It coit- 

 sists, at present, of 657 square miles, with 131,500 

 inhabitants. Louis the Debonnaire founded the 

 bishopric in 822. In 1802, Prussia took possession 

 of it ; in 1807, it was added to the kingdom of West- 

 phalia ; in 1814, it was annexed to Hanover. 



HILDESHEIM, a city in Germany, formerly the 

 see of the preceding bishopric, founded by Louis the 

 Debonnaire, in 822, belongs at present, with the 

 principality, to Hanover ; is the seat of a Catholic 

 bishop, and of a Lutheran consistory ; has a Catholic 

 seminary and gymnasium, and a Lutheran gymnas- 

 ium, and 13,450 inhabitants, whose chief dealings are 

 in grain, yarn, and linen. The cathedral contains 

 an ancient Irmensaule. (q. v.) Lat. 52 9' 32" N. ; 

 ton. 9 55' 46" E. 



HILL, AARON, an English poet and miscellaneous 

 writer, was born in London, in 1685. His father, 

 originally a gentleman of good estate in Wiltshire, 

 left him almost wholly unprovided for; which cir- 

 cumstance obliged him to quit Westminster school at 

 the age of fourteen. His relation, lord Paget, being 

 ambassador at Constantinople, he ventured, uninvited, 

 to join him, and a tutor was provided for him, under 

 whose care he travelled through Palestine, Egypt, 

 and various parts of the East. In 1703, he returned 

 to England, and, after the death of lord Paget, 

 he travelled for three years with Sir William Went- 

 worth. In 1709, he published a History of the Ot- 

 toman Empire, partly from materials collected in 

 1'urkey ; which publication, although it obtained 

 much notice, the author himself subsequently re- 

 garded as a crude and juvenile performance. In 

 1710, he became manager of Drury-lane theatre, 

 which post, however, he soon gave up. While in 

 the management of Drury-lane, he wrote his first 

 tragedy of Alfred and Rinaldo, an opera. In 1713, 

 he obtained a patent for extracting sweet oil from 

 beech mast, and a company was formed under his 

 auspices ; but, after a trial of three years, the scheme 

 entirely failed, as did a subsequent plan for estab- 

 lishing a plantation in Georgia. He still continued 

 to write for the theatres, and several of his pieces 

 were brought on the stage. He also composed 

 poems. In 1724, he commenced a periodical paper, 

 called the Plain Dealer. In 1731, he rewrote his 

 Elfrid, which he brought forward under the title of 

 Athelwold. He afterwards translated in succession, 

 the Zaire, Alzire, and Merope, of Voltaire, all of 

 which show him in the light of a superior dramatic 

 translator. He still, however, continued to interest 

 himself with schemes of commercial improvement, 

 until his health began to decline; and he died in 

 February, 1750, in his sixty-fifth year, and was 

 interred in Westminster Abbey. His versions of 

 Zaire and Merope kept the stage until within a few 

 years. 



HILL, SIR JOHN, a writer of the last century, 

 distinguished for the versatility of his talents, and the 

 multitude of his publications, was born about 1716, 

 and was by trade an apothecary; but, having mar- 

 ried a wife without a fortune, he was obliged to seek 

 further resources for the increase of his income. 

 The duke of Richmond and lord Petre employed him 

 to manage their botanic gardens, and enabled him to 

 travel through various parts of the kingdom, and col- 

 lect scarce plants, of which he published an account 

 by subscription. The scheme was not very profitable, 

 and he therefore turned his attention to the stage , 

 but, after two or three exhibitions at the Hay- 

 market and Covent-garden, he returned to his shop. 

 A translation of a Greek tract on gems, by Theo- 

 phrastus, which he published in 1746, procured him 

 both money and reputation as an author. He under- 



