75(j 



HISTORY 



1333 

 1334 



1291 

 1294 

 1295 



Eighth Crusade (Frederic II). 



InquiMtiou at TnuloiiM>. 



Tlie Teutonic kni-hts conquer all Prussia Proper (from 



o 1283). 

 Courts of tin- members of the German empire. Fire- 



arms in China and India Clocks in Egypt 

 Decretals of pope Gregory IX. The Mongols conquer 



Northern China. 



Prohibition of private warfare at Mentz. 

 Russia tributary to the Mongols. (Battle on the Voro- 

 nez, won by iiatu, khan of the Golden Horde). lie- 

 public of Genoa. 

 Ninth crusade (Thibaut). 

 Mongols victorious at Liegnitz (Silesia). Hanseatic 



League formed. 

 Pope Innocent IV. enlarges the college of cardinals. 



Kayuk, great-khan of the Mongols. 

 Institution of the feast of Corpia Chrisli. 

 League of the Rhenish cities. 

 Last crusade (Louis IX.). The Swedes conquer the 



south-eastern part of Finland. 

 Lou^s IX. takes Damierta, 



Mauku, great-khan of the Mongols. The Cossacks 

 become Known. Baharite Mamelukes iu Egypt (until 

 1MB). 



Alexander Newsky. Foundation of Stockholm (1254). 

 First maritime code (consolato del mare). 

 Order of the Augustines. Mongol system of conscrip- 



tion in Russia. 



Hulaku conquers Bagdad (Mongol-Persian dynasty). 

 Koblay or Kublai, great-khan of 1 the Mongols. Pekin 



founded (dynasty Yuen). Suabian law. 

 Michael VIII. (Palacologus), emperor of Nice. Militia 



in Arragon. 



Michael VIII. recovers Constantinople. (New Greek 

 empire of Byzantium). Corporations in Italy. Battle 

 of Largs. Norwegians defeated by Alexander III. of 

 Scotland. 



German commercial tribunal in Novgorod. 

 Deputies of towns and boroughs in the English parlia- 

 ment. Sicily a papal fief (White Horse). Battle of 

 Evesham in England. 



Corporations and guilds in Italy. Genoa trades to India. 

 onradin executed ; House of Anjou in the two Sicilies. 

 Imperial cities, and imperial nobility in Germany. 

 Paper money in China Astronomical tables of Mari- 

 ga (Naeir-Eddin). Mongol syllabic writing (1269.) 

 Edward I. of England. 



todulph of Hapsburg, German emperor (d . 1291.) 

 Anatomical chair in Paris 'John Pitard). Letters of 

 nobility in Franc*. 



iereditary succession in Arragon and Catalonia. Otto- 

 car of Bohemia defeated. Alchemists and theosophists. 

 Glass mirrors. Mohammedan religion in Malacca. 

 Sicilian Vespers. Peter of Arragon, king. 

 Albert of Hapeburg duke of Austria. Prussia con- 

 quered (Conrad von Thorberg). Edward I. conquers 

 Wales. 



Capture of Acre (end of the crusades). 

 'ope Boniface VIII. (buUa unigenitut). 

 Mr.-t English House of Commons assembled. 

 3d ward attempts to annex Scotland to his English domi- 

 nions. Battles (ii97) of Stirling, and (1298) Falkirk. 

 Sir William Wallace. 



3sman I. Empire of the Ottomans in Asia Minor. 

 Third estate (fieri (tat) in France (deputies of cities) ; 

 lutta vnam sanclam. 



dement V. (Avignon papal residence until 1379). Im- 

 morality of the papal court. Struggle between the 

 secular powers and the papal authority more and 

 more manifest. Wretched state of the Christian 

 church, and call for a " reformation in its head and 

 members." Invasion of Scotland; Bruce crowned at 

 Scone. 



Iwiss confederacy. William Tell. 



Uri, Schweitz, Unterwalden, form a confederacy for the 

 deliverance of their country. Iconium conquered by 

 the Mongols. 

 r/hree "colleges" of the empire at Spire Knights of 



the cross at Marienburg. 

 iCnights of Rhodes. Dante. 



Abolition of the knights Templars (Philip the Fair.) De- 

 cretals of Clement Fire-arms in Spain Edward II. ; 

 Battle of Bannockburn (1314). Independence of Scot- 

 land secured. Louis of Bavaria, German king (battle 

 of Muhldorf, 1322). Battle on the Morgarten. Per- 

 petual league of Brunnen (1315). Constitution of pope 

 John XXII. (execrabilis). Union of Arragon, Cata- 

 lonia, Valencia (1319). Great and Little Poland united 

 (Wladislaus Lokietek). Philip VI., house of Valois in 

 France. Orchan, Padishah ; Ottoman Porte in Prusa 

 (1326). Restraints on the aristocracy of the German 

 nobility at Spire. Foundation of the German com- 

 mons. Treaty of Pavia. Palatinate and Bavarian 

 lines. Master singers (their imperial charter, 1378). 

 German Levantine commerce flourishes. Organiza- 

 tion of Poland. Casimir III. (1333). Battle of Hali- 

 don Hill. Edward III. begins the wars for tne 

 French crown. Gunpowder invented (1340) by Swartz 

 a monk of Cologne. Oil painting by John Van Eyk. - 

 Louis I., king of Hungary (1342). Re-discovery of the 

 Canary islands (1344). Flourishing period of the 

 Venetian Levantine commerce (consuls in Aleppo and 



Alexandria). Bank of circulation in Genoa. Charles 

 IV. (elected at Rhmse, in 1346). Battle of Cressy. 

 Pseudo-Waldemar iu Brandenburg (1347). Black 

 death rages. 



Trials of witches. Licentiousness of the clergy. Impe- 

 rial law; j uridiral commentators. Revolution in China. 

 Lucerne, Zurich, Glarus, Zug, Berne, join tin- 

 confederacy. Bills of exchange (1354). Soliman 



crosses the Hellespont (1355) ; Turks in Europe. 



Golden bull. Victory of the Black Prince at Poitiers. 

 (Peace of Bretigny, 1360). Peter the Cruel, king of 

 Portugal (1357). Fire-arms in Brabant. Adrianople, 

 residence of the Porte, Amurath I. (1360). Pope 

 Urban V.; triple crown of the pope (1362). Janizaries 

 (Sheikh Bekitash) (13B2). Expulsion of the Mongols 

 from China. New Burgundian house (Philip the 

 Bold). Tyrol conquered by the Austrian*. Hansea- 

 tic league flourishing (1364). Timour (Tamerlane), 

 great-khan of Dscliagatay (1369). The Stuarts begin 

 to reign iu Scotland. The Ottomans conquer the 

 Walacho-Bulgarian kingdom (1374). League nf the 

 Suabian cities ("1376 1389). Schism of the church. 

 Papal courts of Rome and Avignon (from 1378 to I4n.,' 

 Wickliffe, Gower. Timour conquers Cashgar, 

 Chowaresm, Chorasan and Persia. (from 1373 to 13S4). 

 Wat Tyler and Jack Straw's insurrection in England 

 (1381). Bills of exchange used by the English. 

 Camum employed at Calais (13S3). Dynasty of the 

 Yagellons in Poland (from 13S6 to 1572) ; Ladisluus V. 

 Battle of Sempach (Arnold Winkefried, 13S6). 

 Bajazet I., sultan (1389). Battle at Falkoping. Battle 

 of Nicopolis (1396, between Bajazet and Sigismuud of 

 Hungary). Timour in Bagdad, Teflis, Moscow, aKd 

 Delhi. 

 Scandinavian union at Calmar ; Margaret. Richard 



II. deposed ; Henry IV. of Lancaster. 

 Huss preaches in Cracow. Timour victorious over 

 Bajazet at Ancyra (1402). Hungarian Insurrection 

 established. Deputies of cities in Buda (Magnates and 

 estates). The Portuguese double cape Boiador. 

 James I. king of Scotland (1406). Mohammed I., 

 sultan (1413). Henry V. of England, 

 Council of Constance (until 14IH). Huss burnt (Hus- 

 sites). English invasion of France (battle of Agiii- 

 court). The electorate of Brandenburg given to 

 Frederic of Hohenzollern (1415). Henry the Navi- 

 gator. Porto. Santo and Madeira discovered. War of 

 the Hussites (John Ziska) (1415). Amurath II., sultan. 

 Henry VI. of England ; siege of Orleans raised 

 (Joan of Arc) (1459). Council of Basle (1431 to 1443). 

 Florence under the Medici. Cosmo (1434). Chau- 

 cer fl. 



Art of Printing (John Guttenberg). 

 Frederic III., Austrian dynasty on the imperial throne 

 of Germany. Posts are established. Scanderbeg in 

 Albania (Epirus) (1443 1446). Battle of Varna (1444). 

 Battle of St James on the Birs. Standing army in 

 France, Uniform (1445). Pope Nicholas V. (classical 

 literature in Rome ; Vatican library) (1447). Western 

 Africa discovered by the Portuguese. Concordates at 

 Rome and Vienna with the German nation. House of 

 Oldenburg in Denmark: Christian I. 'Ihe English 

 expelled France. War of the Roses in England 

 (York and Lancaster) (1452 1485). Mohammed II., 

 sultan. 



Constantinople conquered by the Turks (Constantino 

 XIII., the last of the Palieologi, dies at the gates of 

 Constantinople, with arms in his hand). End of the 

 Eastern empire. Hevival of learning in Europe by 

 the fugitives from Constantinople. Sale of papal in- 

 dulgences. Bohemian Brethren (1457). Cape de 

 Verde islands discovered (Cada Mosto). Louis XI. ot 

 France. 



Ivan Basilowitz, founder of the greatness of Russia. 

 Peace of Thorn (division of the territories (if the Teu- 

 tonic knights). Charles the Bold of Burgundy. New 

 kingdom of the Turcomans in Persia (Uuong-Hassan.) 

 Steno Sture, administrator of Sweden. Sale of in- 

 dulgences renewed. The Portuguese pass the equa- 

 tor. Victories of the Swiss over Charles of Burgundy 

 at Granson and Moral (1476). Extension of the art 

 of printing (book- privileges; catalogues). Mails on 

 horseback in France. Standing army in Hungary. 

 Pedal harpsichord. Notes in music. 

 Charles the Bold falls at Nancy: Burgundy comes into the 

 possession of Austria (Maximilian and Maria). End 

 of the Tartar dominion in Russia. Ivan Basilowita 

 conquers Novgorod. (Decline of the Hanseatic com- 

 merce with Russia.) Castile and Arraon united 

 (Ferdinand and Isabella;. Inquisition in Spain, 14SO. 

 Richard 111 ; battle of BOB worth. House of Tudor 

 in England (Henry VII.) Union of York and Lan- 

 caster. James IV. king of Scotland (US8). Royal 

 power firmly established in Western Europe. Decline 

 of feudal power. Discovery of the cape ot Good 

 Hope by Diaz. The Moors expelled from Granada 

 (1491). 



Discovery of America (Columbus). Maps (Conrad 

 Sweynneim). Powder mines (Navarro). Terrestrial 

 globes (Martin Behaim). Papal demarcation of the 

 Portuguese and Spanish discoveries. Algebra through 

 the Arabians. Book-keening by double entry . 

 Venereal disease introduced into Europe. 



