HISTORY. 



759 



1749 

 1750 



succession (Maria Theresa retains her hi-redit;iry es- 

 tates with the exception of Parma, given to don Philip, 

 and part of Milan annexed to Sardinia ; England re- 

 stores Cape, Breton, France Madras. The As^iento 

 treaty remains in force for four years longer). Bestns- 

 chefs uncontrolled power in Russia (until 1757). The 

 Waldenses in Savoyi 



Halifax founded in Nova Scotia (indirect cause of the se- 

 ven years' war). Witches executed in Wurzburg. 

 Empire of Afghanistan ( Ahmed Abdalli). 



Joseph Emanuel, king of Portugal ; Pombal minister. 

 .I.T hiiv comes into the possession of the English East 

 India company. Discovery of the Russian Northern 

 Archipelago (Andreariovian islands). Mulhar Rau 

 Holcar founds a Maliratta state in Mai wah and Guzerat. 

 Frontier treaty at Buen-Retiro respecting the con- 

 quests in South America. 



Adolphus Frederic, king of Sweden (house of Holstein). 

 rreuch Enryclopedie (D'Alemhert, Diderot). The 

 Dovas in Northern Annam seize the government and 

 expel the Chuas. 



Doctrine of electricity. Physiocratic system. Lightning 

 rods (Franklin). The Pegnans subject the empire of 

 Birmah. The new style introduced into Great Britain, 

 September 3. 



Spanish concordate with the popt>. The inquisition be- 

 comes less bloody. Exile oi the parliament of Paris. 

 Alompra, a Birman, delivers his country from the 

 Peifuaus, and appears as a great conqueror. By the 

 peace of Calberga (Hindooslan), France receives the 

 four Northern Circars. 



Richard Wall, Spanish minister. Paoli chief in Corsica. 

 Beginnings of the war between the French and Eng- 

 lish in America; acts of violence on the Ohio. Wash- 

 ington takes a party of French. Wolf d. Quakers in 

 .North America abolish the s^lavo trade. 



Naval and colonial war between England and France 

 (until 1762). Defeat of Braddoc* at fort Duquesne. 

 Earthquake in Lisbon. 



Pitt (Chatham) at the head of the ministry f until 1761). 

 Violations of the rights of neutrals by the English 

 Conquest of Minorca. Third Silesian or seven years' 

 war. Alompra conquers Pegu. The army of the Je- 

 suits heateu by Spaniards and Portuguese, and the order 

 expelled from Paraguay. Black hole of Calcutta. 



Frederic the Great victorious at Prague, Rosbach, and 

 Leuthen ; defeated at Kollin. Conquest of the twen- 

 ty-four Perganohs by the British East India company. 



Jesuits expelled from Portugal, on suspicion of attempt- 

 ing the life of the king. Union of Versailles, (Chois- 

 eu] and Stahremberg). The Dutch subduw the two 

 chief sovereigns of Java. Victory of the English at 

 Plassey (Hindoostan) ; conquest of Goree (West Afri- 

 ca), and Cape Breton (North America). 



Ferdinand VI. king of Spain d.; Charles III. of Sicily 

 ascends the throne, and gives the crown of the Two 

 Sicilies to his son Ferdinand. The British take Gua- 

 deloupe and Quebec ; Hawke destroys the French fleet 

 off Belleisle. British empire in India firmly established 

 by the capture of Surat. 



Canada falls into the hands of the British. George II. d.; 

 George III. king. Discovery of the island Kodiak. 

 Famine in Bengal. Alompra, founder of Birman great- 

 ness, d. ; the throne remains in his dynasty. Hyder 

 Ali founds the kingdom of Mysore. 



Chatham succeeded in the ministry by Bute. Dupleix 

 and the French lose their influence in the East Indies. 

 Bourbon family compact. 



Spain declares war against England ; Rodney takes Mar- 

 tinique, Pocock, and Keppel Havana, in the Indian 

 ocean Manilla ; Spain attacks Portugal without success. 

 Empress Elizabeth d. ; Peter III. declares for Frederic 

 II., but Catharine II. ascends the throne, and Peter d. 



Peace of Paris terminates the naval war (Great Britain 

 receives C anada, Nova Scotia, Cape Breton, Senegal, 

 with Tobago and other West India islands ; Spain cedes 

 the Floridas to Britain, and St Sagramento to Portugal). 

 England mistress of the seas. The seven years' war 

 concluded by the peace of Hubertsburg, based on the 

 statuquo.- Principle of the European balance of power. 

 Resignation of Bute. Greuville ministry. 



Abolition of the Jesuits in France. Stanislaus Ponia- 

 towsky elected king of Poland. Disturbances in Po- 

 land, on account of the Dissidents. Russians occupy 

 the island St Laurence. Jesuits expelled from France. 

 John Byron's circumnavigation of the world (1764 

 1766). 



Joseph II., emperor of Germany and co-regent of Aus- 

 tria, with his mother; his brother Leopold receives 

 Tuscany. Stamp act; opposition in the colonies ; Vir. 

 ginia resolutions ; colonial congress at New York ; 

 non-importation agreements. The English dethrone 

 the nabob of Bengal, and annex Bengal, Bahar, and the 

 Circars to their territory. Ali Bey makes himself 

 master of Egypt. 'Ihe Hat faction overthrown in 

 Sweden; the Caps rule. 



Christian VII. king of Denmark (Struensee and Brand). 

 Rockiugham administration. Stamp act repealed, 

 with a reservation of the right of taxation by parlia- 

 ment. Grafton and Chatham, ministers. Lorraine 

 again annexed to France. William V. stadtholder 

 (Orangemen and Anti- Orangemen). Wallis's, Carte- 



A.D. 

 1767 



17711 

 17MI 



rot's, De Pages', and Bougainville's voyages round the 

 world tfroro 1766 to 1769). 



Duty on certain articles of merchandise imported into the 

 North American colonies. Jesuits expelled from Spain 

 (Aranda, Campomanes). 



Colonists in the Sierra Morena (Olavides). Confederation 

 ol the Catholics against the Dissidents at Bar. War 

 between Turkey and Russia. Massachusetts circular ; 

 Disturbances in Boston; British troops arrive. Cor- 

 sica annexed to France. [Napoleon born, August 15, 

 at Ajaccio]. Frederic the Great restores order and 

 prosperity to Prussia, exhausted by the war. 



Clement XIV. (Ganganelli) pope. Heraclius in Georgia, 

 Ali Pacha in Egypt, and the Mainotes in the Morea, 

 support Russia ; the Turkish fleet destroyed at Tchesme 

 and Monembasia. France cedes Louisiana to Spain. 

 Cook's first voyage round the world. Bruce's travels 

 in Africa. Non -importation becomes general in the 

 North American colonies. 



Crimea declares itself independent. Flight of the Oelot 

 (Calmucks) from Russia. France sells the Falkland 

 islands to Spain ; countess du Barry rules with Aiguillon 

 and Terray over France. Opposition of the parlia- 

 ments. Lord North's administration. Boston massa- 

 cre. Duties repealed, excepting that on tea. 



Surprise and arrest of the king of Poland near Warsaw. 

 Spain cedes the Falkland islands to the English. 

 Parliaments in France abolished. Plague in Russia. 



First partition of Poland : Russia takes the country be- 

 tween the Dwina, Dnieper and Drush ; Austria takes 

 Galicia ; Prussia takes Western Prussia and as far as 

 the Netze. Revolution in Denmark (the queen Juliana 

 overthrows Struensee and Brand, and causes them to 

 be executed). Swedish revolution (royal authority re- 

 stored, the Caps overthrown). Warren Hastings, 

 governor-general of the East India company's posses- 

 sions. Cook's second circumnavigation of the world. 

 Committees of correspondence in the colonies. 



Treaty of Holstein (the Gottorp portion of Holstein is 

 ceded fai Denmark by Russia, Oldenburg to Lubeck, 

 and is created a German duchy). The tea thrown 

 overboard at Boston. Florida Blanca minister in 

 Spain (until 1792). Clement XIV. (Ganganelli) abolishes 

 the order of Jesuits, which remains in Russia only. 

 [Victory of the temporal power over the ecclesiastical 

 power]. Insurrection of Pugatscheffi Ali Bey of 

 Egypt defeated (at Salahia) and taken prisoner. 



The Russians compel the Turks to conclude a peace. 

 (Crimea remains independent, and the country between 

 the Bog and Dnieper, with Asoph, is ceded to Russia). 

 Louis XV., king of France, d. ; his grandson, Louis 

 XVI., king. Vergennes, minister (from 1774 to 1787). 

 Turgot, minister (till 1776). Boston port bill. _ Pro- 

 vincial assembly of Massachusetts. first continental 

 congress at Philadelphia (September 5th). The power 

 of the stadtholder increased. Steam engine (Watt and 

 Boulton). Pius VI. (Braschi) pope. 



Hostilities in America. Battle of Lexington (April 19). 

 Capture of Crown Point and Ticonderoga. American 

 troops besiege Boston. Battle of Bunker hill. Second 

 congress. Articles of confederation. Washington, 

 commander-in-chief. The British acquire Benares. 



War between Spain and Portugal on account of St Sagra- 

 mento. The British compelled to evacuate Boston, 

 occupy New York. Declaration of independence of 

 United States, July 4. Battle of Trenton. Hume d. 

 Cook's third voyage round the world. Adam Smith s 

 Wealth of Nations. 



The 1'orte cedes Bukowina to Austria. Joseph, king of 

 Portugal, d. ; Maria Francisca, queen. Don Pedro 

 co-regent; fall of Pombal. (Restrictions on freedom 

 of opinion in Portugal). Battles of Princeton, Brandy- 

 wine, Germantown. The British occupy Philadelphia. 

 Surrender of Burgoyne at Saratoga (Oct. 17). 

 Necker, minister of finances in France. 



War of Bavarian succession (between Frederic the Great 

 and Austria). France concludes treaties of commerce 

 and amity, and of alliance, with the United States. 

 Battle of Monmouth. Peace of Fardo ; Portugal cedes 

 St Sagramento, Annaboa, and Fernando Po, to Spain. 

 Potemkin powerful in Russia (until 1791). Voltaire 

 d. Cook d. at Owhyhee. Invasion of Georgia by the 

 British. 



Peace of Teschen (Austria receives the Innviertel). 

 Disasters of the British in the West Indies and on the 

 Senegal. Spain engages in the American war. 



Armed neutrality of the maritime powers. Victory of 

 the British at St Vincent (admiral Rodney). Great 

 Britain declares war against Holland. Maria Theresa 

 d. ; Joseph II. governs the Austrian states. His edict 

 of toleration. Battle of Camden. Treachery of Ar- 

 nold. Lessing d. 



Conquest of the Dutch colonies in the West and East In- 

 dies. Abolition of the Barrier treaty. Necker retires 

 from the ministry; Calonue, comptroller-general. 

 Battles of the Cowpens and of Kutaw-spriugs ; lord 

 Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown (October 19th). 



Lord North's administration overthrown ; Rockinghaiu, 

 Shelburne, Fox, and the younger Pitt. The British 

 defeat the French near Gundaloupe, but lose Minorca. 

 Gibraltar defended by Elliot (floating batteries cf the 

 French). In the East Indies, Hyder Ali subjected. 

 The Spaniards abandon Orau and Musalquivir. Iiide- 



