762 



HISTORY. 



A.U 



Great Britain. Invasion of Canada by tht> Americans ; 

 :s in Canada; naval successes. New constitu- 

 tion in Spain. Russia Hi-quires many provinces in 

 Asia. Mohammed Ali takes Mecca and Medina from 

 the Wahabites. Dictatorship in Venezuela. Invasion 

 by Spanish troops under Monteverde. The dictator, 

 Miranda, Ilees. Venezuela conquered. 

 'russia joins Russia. Levee en matse in Prussia. The 

 duchy of Warsaw dissolved. Bernadotte declares 

 against France. Napoleon victorious at Lutzen and 

 Bautzen, but with great loss. Austria joins the allits. 

 Bavaria and other members of the Hhenish provinces 

 begin to desert the French. Battle of Dresden. Mo- 

 reau d. Many liattles ; one of the greatest in history 

 at Leipsic (October 16, 17, IS, and 19). Kingdom of 

 \Ve.-tphalia dissnlved. The Orange party recalls the 

 stadthulder, William V., as sovereign; Holland con- 

 quered. Wellington victorious in Spain. King Joa- 

 chim of Naples treats with Austria against France. 

 Simon Bolivar drives the Spaniards from Caracas. 

 Civil war in New Granada. 



Quadruple alliance. Battle of lake Erie. The allies en- 

 ter Paris, March 31. Napoleon abdicates and goes to 

 Elba. The Bourbons restor d. Louis XVIII. France 

 is promised a constitution. Firstpeace of Paris. France 

 reduced to her old limits ; retains, however, Avignon, 

 part of Savoy, and the Netherlands ; Great Britain re- 

 tains the Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius, Tobago, St 

 Lucie, Essequibo, and Demerara, Malta, Heligoland, 

 and the protectorship of the seven Ionian Islands. The 

 pope, the king of Sardinia, the grand duke of Tuscany, 

 the duke of Modena, the elector of Hesse-Cassel, the 

 dukes of Brunswick and Oldenburg take possession of 

 their states. Ferdinand of Spain, previously released, 

 enters Spain, solemnly promises a constitution, but 

 breaks his word. Norway is given to Sweden, revolts 

 and chooses 4 Danish prince king, but Bernadotte sup- 

 presses the revolt, and Norway is made a distinct king, 

 dom, with a liberal constitution, under the same mo- 

 uarch as Sweden. Battles of lake Champlain and 

 Plattsburg. Treaty of Ghent between Great Britain 

 and the United States (December 4). Monarchs visit 

 London. Congress at Vienna. Restoration of the Je- 

 suits by the pope. The returned emigrants show that 

 they have not lost their former arrogance, and their 

 unntness for government. General Bolivar beaten by 

 the Spaniards under Boves ; he retreats to Carthagena. 

 Creek war ; general Jackson takes Pensacola. 

 Battle of New Orleans ; (general Jackson. January 8). 

 Napoleon returns from Elba, March 1, and enters Pa- 

 ris, March 20. Louis XVIII. flies to Ghent, and Napo- 

 leon declares that he will respect the peace of Paris. 

 The king of Naples (Murat) declares for Napoleon, but 

 an Austrian array dethrones him, and the king of Sici- 

 ly returns. Decrees of the congress of Vienna : Aus- 

 tria and Prussia return to their state before 1790; the 

 kingdom of Poland constituted under the protection of 

 Russia ; Saxony divided (part to Prussia), Genoa given 

 to S trdinia ; Parma is given to Maria Louisa ; the old 

 constitution ot Switzerland, with some modifications, 

 restored ; the Germanic confederacy established. War 

 against Napoleon ; battle at Ligny, at Waterloo (June 

 IS), British (Wellington) and Prussians (Blucher) en- 

 tirely victorious. British and Prussians take Paris. 

 Napoleon abdicates in favour of his son, and the chain- 

 bers accept the abdication. He throws himself on the 

 mercy of the British, who contiue him, as the prisoner 

 of the allies, in St Helena. 



Monarchs firmly united against the people , Louis XVII I. 

 restored a second time by foreign arms. He cedes Sa- 

 voy, Landau, and Saar- Louis, and pays 700,000,000 

 francs; France is occupied by 150,000 allied troops 

 until quiet is restored. Holy alliance September 

 20 ; principle of legitimacy under the cloak of reli- 

 gion. Joachim Murat returns to Calabria, ie shot Oc- 

 tober 15. Republic of the Ionian Islands proclaimed. 

 Poland receives a new constitution. 'I he United 

 States of Buenos Ayres declare themselves independent. 

 General Morillo lands with a new Spanish army at St 

 Martha; conquers Carthagena. All Ceylon reduced 

 by the British (end of the kingdom of Candy). The 

 British receive, by the peace with Nepaul, the country 

 between the Setlege and the Jumna. Revolution in 

 China suppressed after much bloodshed. The Ameri- 

 can squadron under Decatur forces Algiers, Tunis 

 and Tripoli to accede to terms of peace. 

 British and Dutch bombard Algiers, and force it to ac- 

 cede to a peace. The British cede Batavia and the 

 Spice islands to the Dutch for Cochin Indiana received 

 into the Union of the American states. Bolivar beaten 

 by Morillo. The Independents in Venezuela success- 

 ful. Bolivar commander-in-chief. Congress of the 

 provinces of La Plata at San Miguel de Tucuman. 

 Declaration of independence. Don Juan Martin de 

 Puyrredo director-general with dictatorial power. 

 Mission of general San Martin for the delivery of Chile. 

 Prohibition of the slave trade to the French colonies. 

 Several powers conclude concordates with the pope. 

 Spain accedes to the acts of the congress of Vienna. 

 Treaty between Spain and Britain respecting the abo- 

 lition of the slave trade. Rajah of Nagpour becomes 

 tributary to the British. Declaration of independence 

 of Chile. Bolivar chief of Venezuela ; victorious ov?r 



1S19 



1S2I 



1322 



If 23 



the Spaniards. The Brazilians take Montevideo. 

 Campaign against Peru. The partisan leader Artigfti. 

 Monroe fifth president of America (till 1825). Mis- 

 sissippi received into the Union. Reform meetings in 

 England and Scotland. Suspension of the Habeas Cor- 

 pus act. Death of the princess Charlotte. 



Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle ; confirmation of the holy 

 alliance. The foreign troops leave France. diaries 

 XIII. d. ; Charles John (bernadotte) king of Sweden. 

 End of the Mahrat t-i war ; the state of the Peish war 

 dissolved; llolcar loses half of his dominions, and becomes 

 tributary to the British ; Scindiah humbled. The Bri- 

 tish masters of all the East Indies, with the exception 

 of Nepaul and the states of the Seiks and Scindiah, 

 whose power, moreover, is broken . Movements among 

 the liberalists in Germany; carbonari in Italy; party 

 struggles in France. Illinois received into the L'nioii 

 of the American states. Seminole war ; general Jack- 

 son. Internal commotions at Buenos Ayres. Chile 

 entirely freed by San Martin's victory on the Maypo. 

 O'Higgins supreme director. Lord Cochrane admiral. 



Trials ot the liberals in Germany. Congresses at Carls- 

 bad and Vienna. Relations of the revolted states of 

 South America with the United States, Great Britain, 

 and Brazil. Venezuela and Caracas united under the 

 name of the republic of Colombia. Bolivar president. 

 Alabama admitted into the Union. Arkansas terri- 

 tory organized. Radical reform meetings. Manches- 

 ter massacre. Castlereagh's " six acts " passed. 



Military insurrection in Cadiz ; constitution of the cortes 

 of 1812 proclaimed ; the king obliged to accept it. Abo- 

 lition of the inquisition, liberty of the press, dissolution 

 of the monastic orders, attention to schools, the iniine- 



Nl 



viz., oy miuiary insurrection. congress 01 iroppau. 

 The holy alliance determined to support its principles. 

 Duke of Berry assassinated. Expulsion of the Jesuits 

 from Russia. George III. d.; George IV. succeeds. 

 Trial of the queen of Great Britain. Henry, emperor 

 of Hayti, d.; all the island submits to Boyer. Maine 

 admitted into the Union of the American states. Cam- 

 paign in Peru (siege of Lima). The possessions of 

 Spain in Colombia reduced to Puerto Cabello and 

 Maracaibo. Morillo returns to Spain. Struggle of 

 parties in Buenos Ayres. 



Napoleon d. at St Helena, May 5, after having dictated 

 his memoirs. John VI. returns from Brazil to Portu- 

 gal, and adopts the constitution. Revolution in Bra- 

 zil. Congress of Laybach. The Austrians enter Na- 

 ples and destroy the new order of things. An insur- 

 rection in Alessandria induces Victor Emanuel to abdi- 

 cate , Felix, his brother, king. The Austrians occupy 



west coast 01 Aiuoriva. J.IIG ui eejvo taivt; JLTI|IUUJBH. 

 Yellow fever in Barcelona. Guatimala independent. 

 Brazil acknowledges the independence of the South 

 American republics. Peruindependent. Florida ceded 

 to the United States. Missouri admitted into the 

 Union. 



Disturbances in Spain promoted by the clergy; army of 

 the faith. Troubles in Ireland. Boyer enters the city 

 of St Domingo, and becomes master of the whole 

 island. Ali Pacha taken by the Turks and strangled. 

 Riego enters Madrid. New British navigation act. 

 Eruption of Vesuvius ; a new volcano on the island 

 of Oomnak. Bolivar conquers Quito. Mexico declares 

 itself independent; Augustine Iturbide emperor. 

 State of Lir Franciain Paraguay. CHstlereagh kills 

 himself; Canning minister of foreign affairs. First na- 

 tional congress of the United States of South America. 



-snips on ncio. naupiia surrenders 



to the Greeks. Disturbances at Constantinople. 

 Congress at Verona (principle of armed intervention). 

 'Ihe United States sends ministers to the Spanish 

 republics. Hieroglyphics deciphered (Champollion). 

 I'he ministers of the great powers leave Madrid; Russia 

 declares herself openly. France undertakes to support 

 the king of Spain. French enter Madrid, May 24. 

 This encourages Don Miguel to plant the standard of 



absolutism in Lisbon. The cortes of Madrid conduct 



fusion continues in South America 



lemon continues in boutn America. nuiu 

 thrown in Mexico, banished to Italy ; republic estab- 

 lished. In Colombia, the last hold of the Spaniards, 

 .Vuerto Cabello, falls. In Peru, Bolivar acquires the 



