HOG HOGARTH. 



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liable to many disorders, particularly those arising 

 from gluttony. Notwithstanding all these repugnant 

 qualities of the hog, he is of incalculable benefit 

 to mankind. His flesh is pleasant, substantial, and 

 nutritious, particularly to persons employed in hard 

 labour. Pork takes salt better than almost any 

 other meat, and hence forms an important article in 

 military and naval stores. The lard of the hog is 

 used in a variety of preparations, and the bristles are 

 used in large quantities, in the manufacture of 

 brushes, whilst the skin is in equal demand among 

 the saddlers. In Minorca, it is said that the hog is 

 used as a beast of draught. 



The wild boar, from which most of our domesti- 

 cated varieties are derived, is found in most parts of 

 Europe and Asia, and is by no means so stupid or 

 filthy an animal as the tame hog. His snout is 

 longer, his ears shorter ; he roots up the ground in a 

 different manner, ploughing it up in furrows ; his 

 tusks are larger, some of them being ten inches in 

 length, bent circularly, and exceedingly sharp at the 

 points. The wild boar, for the first three years of 

 his life, follows the sow, the whole litter living in a 

 herd together. This appears to be for the purpose 

 of mutual protection against their enemies ; for when 

 attacked, they give each other assistance, the strongest 

 facing the danger. When the boar, however, has 

 attained his full size and strength, he ranges the 

 forest alone and unsupported, dreading no single 

 creature, not even man himself. Hunting this 

 animal has always been a favourite amusement. The 

 dogs used in this sport are of the slow, heavy kind, 

 usually a kind of small mastiff. When the boar is 

 roused, he goes slowly and uniformly forward, 

 frequently stopping and facing his pursuers, often 

 inflicting severe and even mortal wounds. He is at 

 last despatched by the hunters, either with fire-arms 

 or strong pikes, termed boar spears. A chase sel- 

 dom terminates without the maiming or destruction 

 of some of the dogs. 



The domesticated varieties of the hog are e^tceed- 

 ingly numerous. A mere enumeration of them 

 would swell this article beyond its due limits. We 

 shall therefore only notice the most remarkable, at 

 the head of which stands the Chinese or Siam; this is 

 distinguished by having the upper part of its 

 body almost bare, its belly hanging nearly to the 

 ground ; its legs very short. Its general colour is a 

 dark gray. The flesh of this variety is peculiarly 

 white and delicate. This animal and its sub-varieties 

 occur in China, and are also diffused through almost 

 all the islands of the South seas, where they form the 

 principal animal food of the inhabitants. They are 

 fed on the bread-fruit, either in its natural state or made 

 into a sour paste, yams, &c. This nutriment renders 

 the flesh juicy and delicious. These animals axe also 

 considered as the most acceptable offering that can 

 be presented to the gods. 



Guinea hog (sus porous, Gm.) . In this variety the 

 head is small ; the ears long, thin, and pointed ; the 

 tail long, naked, almost reaching the ground ; the 

 hair on the body is short, reddish, shining, and softer 

 than in the other varieties ; the back is nearly naked. 

 This animal is common on the Gold coast, and it is 

 also said to have been naturalized in Brazil. 



Babyroussa (sus babyroussa). This is a gregarious 

 animal, and is found in large herds in Java, Amboyna, 

 &c., but not on the continent of Asia. The baby- 

 roussa is about the size of a large hog, but has much 

 longer legs. What chiefly distinguishes it are the 

 size and shape of its tusks ; those in the lower jaw 

 are similar to the tusks of the rest of the genus, but 

 those in the upper are placed on the external surface 

 of the jaw, perforating the skin of the snout, and 

 turning upwards towards the forehead, being twelve 



inches in length, of a fine, hard grain, like ivory. As 

 the animal advances in age, they become so long 

 and curved as to nearly touch the forehead. The 

 ears are small, erect, and pointed. A few weak 

 bristles cover the back ; the rest of the body is 

 covered with a short, fine, and somewhat woolly hair, 

 of a deep brown or blackish colour. The voice of the 

 babyroussa is very similar to that of the common hog, 

 but it is a much more silent animal. Their usual food 

 is the leaves of the banana and other vegetables, but 

 they do not dig for roots as the other species do. 

 They are readily tamed, and their flesh is well tasted. 

 Like the rest of the genus, they swim with great faci- 

 lity ; in fact when closely pursued, it is said they 

 will plunge into the sea and swim to a considerable 

 distance, often diving. Travellers relate (though 

 we are sceptical as to the fact) that the babyroussa 

 is often seen to rest its head, when sleeping, by 

 hooking its curved tusks over the bough of a bush. 



HOGARTfl, WILLIAM, a truly great and original 

 painter of life and manners, was born in the parish 

 of St Martins, Ludgate, in 1697 or 1698. His father, 

 who was the son of a yeoman in the neighbourhood 

 of Kendal in Westmoreland, kept a school in the city. 

 Hogarth was bound apprentice to Mr Ellis Gamble, 

 a respectable silversmith of Cranbourne street, Leices- 

 ter fields, who employed him in engraving ciphers 

 and crests on spoons and pieces of plate. Having 

 been accidentally present at a drunken fray one 

 Sunday at a public house on the road to Highgate, 

 his humour in sketching characters was first displayed 

 by his drawing one of the unfortunate combatants 

 streaming with blood. Soon after he produced 

 a print of Wanstead assembly. In 1720 he com- 

 menced business for himself, painting portraits, and 

 making designs and book plates for the booksellers. 

 Mr Bowles, at the Black Horse, Cornhill,was one of 

 his earliest patrons, but paid him very low prices. Mr 

 Philip Overtoil, however, who next employed him, 

 rewarded him better. For these two persons he de- 

 signed and engraved plates for La Motraye's Travels 

 The golden ass of Apuleius Beaver's military 

 punishments of the ancients Cassandra Butler's 

 Hudibras, Perseus and Andromeda, &c. &c. He also 

 painted small groups or family pieces, for which he 

 was very inadequately remunerated, and had some- 

 times much difficulty in procuring any payment after 

 his pictures were finished. As an instance, it is re- 

 lated, that a very ugly and deformed nobleman hav- 

 ing sat to him, the likeness produced was so strong 

 that his sitter refused to have it, and Hogarth, after 

 several pressing letters for payment, at length told 

 him, that if he did not send the money for it, he 

 should add a tail, and some other appendages, and 

 sell it to Mr Hare, a famous wild-beast man, who had 

 applied to have it to hang up over his booth. This 

 stratagem had the desired effect ; Hogarth received 

 the money, and the nobleman put the picture in the 

 fire. In 1726, the affair of Mary Toft, the rabbit 

 breeder, happened, and Hogarth was employed by 

 some of the medical men in London to produce a 

 picture on the subject, which he engraved. In 

 1727, he was obliged to prosecute one Morris an 

 upholsterer, who had commissioned him to paint a 

 picture, which he also refused to have when finished, 

 but here again Hogarth was successful. In 1730, 

 Hogarth was secretly married to the only daughter 

 of Sir James Thornhill, and soon after commenced 

 his celebrated series of pictures, called the Harlot's 

 Progress. In the year 1733, this work brought his 

 great powers fairly before the public, for at a meet- 

 ing of the board of treasury, one of the members 

 carried the third print, just then published, and 

 showed it to the other members, as containing-, 

 among other excellencies, a striking likeness of Sir 

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