770 



HOGARTH HOHENSTAUFEN. 



John Gonson, and on the board's breaking up, a 

 the members went and purchased impressions. Sue 

 was now the great sale and popularity of his work 

 that Uiey were copied and pirated, and he was i 

 consequence obliged to apply to parliament for 

 protecting act, to secure to artists the fruits of thei 

 industry, as had been already granted to authors 

 Some notion may be formed of the hold the Harlot' 

 Progress took of the public mind, by the fact that i 

 was converted into a pantomime and a ballad opera 

 and represented on the stage. The scenes were als< 

 engraved in a small size, to adoni the fans of ladie 

 of rank and fashion. In 1745 he issued proposals fo 

 an auction of his original pictures, to commence 01 

 the first day of February, and to remain open to bid 

 ders for the whole month, the book to be closed on 

 the 28th February at 12 o'clock, when the prices wer 

 declared as follows : 



t. 



The six pictures of " Harlot's Progress," . 88 4 



Eight pictures of " Rake's Progress,' 1 . . is4 10 



Morning, . 21 



Noon 38 17 



Evening 39 18 



Night, 27 6 



Strolling players dressing in a barn, 27 6 



The same year his prints of Marriage a la mode 

 appeared, which were very successful. But as ii 

 had been observed by his detractors, that he only 

 painted the dark side of human nature, he commenc- 

 ed a set of designs for a work to be called the Happy 

 Marriage, which however he never finished. In 

 1749, having paid a visit to France, he was arrested 

 at Calais, while sketching the gate of the town, anc 

 on his return he commemorated the affair in his 

 excellent print, "O the Roast Beef of Old England." 

 He now purchased a small house at Chiswick, where 

 he chiefly resided, going occasionally to his house in 

 Leicester fields. In 1753 his work on the Analysis 

 of Beauty appeared ; in writing which he was 

 assisted successively by Dr Benjamin Hoadley the 

 physician, Mr Ralph, by Dr Morell, who finished it, 

 and the Reverend Mr Townley, who wrote the pre- 

 face. This work was translated into German hi 

 1754, and into Italian at Leghorn in 1761. 



In 1762 his health began to give way. He com- 

 plained much of an inward pain, which was followed 

 by a general decay. The last year of his life, he 

 spent chiefly at Chiswick in retouching his plates ; in 

 which labour he was assisted by several other en- 

 gravers. On October 25, 1764, he was so seriously 

 indisposed that he was removed at his own request to 

 his house in London, where he was immediately put 

 to bed, but, being seized with a violent vomiting, he 

 rung his bell loudly, the bell rope broke, and he soon 

 afterwards fell back and expired. It was then ascer- 

 tained that his illness had been caused by an aneurism 

 of the great artery. 



Hogarth had one failing in common with most 

 people who attain great wealth and eminence with- 

 out the advantages of a liberal education. He affect- 

 ed to despise every kind of knowledge which he did 

 not possess, and having been very rarely admitted 

 into polite circles, he continued to the last a very 

 gross and uncultivated man. He was also subject 

 to violent bursts of rage upon receiving the smallest 

 contradiction ; so that altogether he was far from 

 being an acceptable member of society on any account, 

 except on the score of his talents. He was, besides, ex- 

 ceedingly self-conceited and vain, and very subject to 

 fits of absence of mind, of both which tendencies many 

 extraordinary instances are related by his biographers. 



In originality of imagination, Hogarth may be plac- 

 ed on an equality with Shakspeare, and in point of 

 execution as a painter he is superior to most artists of 

 the age in which he lived. His genius is at all times 

 enlisted on the side of virtue and morality. He 



holds the mirror up to nature, and " through the eye 

 corrects tiie heart." He exhibits vice in all its de- 

 formity ; villany is stript of its cloak, and held up to 

 detestation. There are irresistible power and pathos 

 in the successive scenes of his works. You see his 

 heroes advancing step by step in their career of 

 wickedness ; you know where it must end, yet the 

 " last scene of all" seldom fails to overwhelm you 

 with feelings of the most poignant sorrow. 



The works of Hogarth have been frequently repub- 

 lished. A very beautiful small edition by Major, 

 and two others on a more enlarged scale, are now 

 (1835) in course of publication. His own portrait, 

 painted by himself, with his favourite pug dog, and 

 his six pictures of Marriage a la mode, are now placed 

 in the National Gallery. His four pictures of the 

 election, were lately in the possession of the widow 

 of his friend Mr Garrick. 



A catalogue of all his prints will be found in the 

 fourth volume of Walpole's Anecdotes. A multipli- 

 city of local and temporary circumstances introduced 

 into his pictures, has rendered notes necessary to a 

 due comprehension of them a task which has been 

 well performed in the Hogarth Illustrated of Ireland. 

 In the French translation of the Analysis of Beauty, 

 by Jansen (Paris, 1825, 2 vols.), is a useful Notice 

 chronologiyue, historique et critique de tous les Ouv- 

 rages de Peinture et de Gravure de Mr Hogarth. A 

 distinguished German writer (Lichtenberg) has 

 published Illustrations of Hogarth, in six volumes, 

 with engravings (Gottingen, 1796), which are full of 

 wit and fine observations. 



HOHENLINDEN; a village of Bavaria, six 

 leagues from Munich, celebrated for the victory 

 gained by the French, under Moreau, over the Aus- 

 trians, December 3, 1800. The French took 80 pieces 

 of cannon, 200 caissons, 10,000 prisoners, with three 

 general officers. Preliminaries of peace were soon 

 after signed at the same place. 



HOHENLOHE ; one of the mediatized principa- 

 lities of Germany, containing 620 square miles, with 

 )0,000 inhabitants, partly under the sovereignty of 

 Wurternberg, partly under that of Bavaria. Besides 

 this, the princes of Hohenlohe have considerable 

 jossessions. The house of Hohenlohe is descended 

 'rom Eberhard, duke of the Franks, brother to the 

 icrman king, Conrad I. (died 918). 

 HOHENLOHE-INGELFINGEN, FREDERIC Louis, 

 prince of; born in 1746; a general in the Prussian 

 service, in the campaign of 1806. In the war against 

 ,he French, in 1792, he commanded a division, and, 

 n 1793, fought with distinction in the battles of Op- 

 >enheim, Pirmasens and Hornbach, and had a share, 

 n the forcing of the lines at Weissenburg. In 1794, 

 le gained a victory at Kaiserslautern, and received 

 he command of the line of neutrality on the Ems. 

 n 1804, he was made governor of the principality of 

 Yanconia, and commandant of Breslau. When, in 

 805, the Prussian army approached Franconia, the 

 irince commanded a corps between the Saale and the 

 ^huringian forest, and, in the war of 1806, led the 

 rmy, whose advanced guard, under prince Louis 

 'erdinand, suffered a defeat at Saalfeld, October 10. 

 After the battle of Jena, October 14, he directed the 

 etreat, and led the remnants of the great Prussian 

 rmy, which had collected under him at Magdeburg 



the Oder. But the distance of the camp of gener- 



1 Blucher prevented him from joining the prince. 

 )estitute of cavalry, and unable with his infantry, 

 xhausted by fatigue, to engage with a superior 

 nemy, he thought himself authorized to surrender, 

 nth 17,000 men, at Prenzlau, October 28, 1806. He 

 ied February 15, 1818. 



HOHENSTAUFEN. In the battle of Mersebuig 

 1030), between the emperor Henry IV. and his com- 



