HOLLAND HOLLY. 



775 



extending above 1200 miles, between cape Leeuwin 

 and cape Howe, trends to the northward from both 

 extremities, so as to form a wide gulf. The western 

 portion of it is called Nuyt's Land; of the other 

 portion, nothing was known till the voyages of 

 Flinders and Baudin, who met in the middle of the 

 gulf. Spencer's and St Vincent's gulf are on this 

 coast. The coast near Bass's straits is of the most 

 sterile description ; it has, however, two fine har- 

 bours, Port Western and Port Philip, in the neigh- 

 bourhood of which the country is rich ; the former 

 will probably be soon made the seat of a settlement. 

 Cape Howe forms the south-east point of New Hol- 

 land. The eastern coast is called New South fPales, 

 and under that head we shall give an account of the 

 British colonies there, and of the nature of the 

 country, so far as it is known. The inhabitants of 

 New Holland are of the middle stature. They have 

 a large misshapen head, slender extremities, and pro- 

 jecting bellies. Their noses are flat, nostrils wide, 

 eyes much sunk in the head, and covered with thick 

 eyebrows. Their lips are thick, their mouths very 

 wide, their teeth white, sound, and even. Many 

 have very prominent jaws. The skin is at first red, 

 and afterwards becomes almost of an African black- 

 ness. Both sexes rub fish oil into their skins to pro- 

 tect them from the air and the musquitoes. Their 

 habitations are extremely rude, and their habits bar- 

 barous. 



HOLLAND ; a fine and close kind of linen, so 

 called from its being first manufactured in Holland. 



HOLLES, DENZIL, LORD, an eminent political 

 character of the seventeenth century, the second son 

 of Holies the first earl of Clare, was born in 1597. 

 He was liberally educated, and, when his father had 

 a place at court, was playfellow and companion to 

 prince Charles. The earl of Clare's subsequent dis- 

 content was communicated to his sons, and, in the 

 last parliament of James I., Denzil sided with the 

 opposition. In the parliament of 1627, he took a 

 leading part in favour of liberty, with his character- 

 istic ardour and courage. When the three resolu- 

 tions of the commons, against popery, Arminianism, 

 and tonnage and poundage by the king's prerogative, 

 were drawn up, he was one of the two members who 

 forcibly held the speaker in the chair until they were 

 passed. For this conduct, refusing to give bail or sure- 

 ties for his good behaviour, lie was condemned to fine 

 and imprisonment, the latter of which he endured in 

 the Tower for upwards of twelve months. In 1 640, he 

 entered the long parliament, a determined foe to the 

 court, and was placed at the head of the Presbyterian 

 party. The earl of Strafford having married his sister, 

 lie was prevented from taking part in the prosecution 

 of that minister ; but he carried up the impeachment 

 against archbishop Laud. He was also one of the 

 members, the imprudent attempt to seize whom, in the 

 parliament house, formed the immediate cause of tak- 

 ing up arms. In the ensuing war, the parliament con- 

 ferred on him the command of a regiment, and ap- 

 pointed him lieutenant of Bristol ; but becoming 

 aware of the designs of the leaders of the Indepen- 

 dents, he endeavoured to frustrate them, by promot- 

 ing a treaty with the king. In 1644, he was one of 

 the commissioners appointed to carry propositions of 

 peace to Charles at Oxford; and, in 1647, he made 

 a motion for disbanding the army ; but that party 

 was now too strong, and the attack was returned 

 upon himself by an impeachment for high treason. 

 He consulted his safety by retiring to France, 

 whence he was allowed to return in 1648, when he 

 resumed his seat in parliament, and was one of the 

 commissioners appointed to treat with the king in 

 the Isle of Wight. He was soon after again obliged, 

 by the violence of the times, to retreat to France, 



where he remained until the restoration, which he 

 zealously promoted. He was one of the members of 

 the house of commons who waited upon the king at 

 the Hague ; and Charles II., before his coronation, 

 advanced him to the peerage, by the title of lord 

 Holies of Isfield in Sussex. In 1663, he was sent 

 ambassador to France ; and in 1C67 was one of the 

 English plenipotentiaries at Breila. Notwithstand- 

 ing these employments, he remained a zealous friend 

 to liberty ; and when the politics of the reign tended 

 to make the king absolute, lord Holies was a conspi- 

 cuous leader of opposition. He is mentioned by 

 Barillon, the French ambassador, as one of the 

 noblemen who entered into negotiations with France 

 to thwart the suspected measures of Charles against 

 liberty at home ; but it is at the same time intimated, 

 that he and lord William Russell alone refused tlie 

 money offered by Louis XIV. He died with a high 

 character for honour, integrity, and patriotism, in 

 1680, in the eighty-second year of his age. In 1699 

 were published Memoirs of Denzil Lord Holies, 

 from 1641 to 1648, (4to) ; some of his letters anil 

 speeches have been published separately. 



HOLLIS, THOMAS, an English gentleman, memor- 

 able for his attachment to civil and religious liberty, 

 and his services to literature and the arts, was bora 

 in London in 1720. He was descended from a York- 

 shire family of dissenters, and was sent, after a com- 

 mon school education, to Amsterdam, in his thir- 

 teenth or fourteenth year, to learn the Dutch lan- 

 guage and merchant's accounts. Not long after his 

 return, in 1735, his father died; and, being now the 

 heir of a handsome fortune, it was resolved to com- 

 plete his education upon a liberal plan. In 1740, he 

 took chambers in Lincoln's Inn, but never engaged 

 in the law as a profession. His attention seems to 

 have been chiefly occupied with the study of the 

 English constitution, and the cultivation of a zealous 

 attachment for civil and religious liberty, and of the 

 friendship of its most eminent supporters, especially 

 among the dissenters. In 1748, he travelled over a 

 part of the continent, and in 1750, engaged in 

 another tour through the remainder. Finding, on his 

 return, that he could not enter parliament without 

 compliances which he did not approve, lie made col- 

 lections of books and medals, especially such as 

 preserved the memory of eminent asserters of liberty, 

 among whom he highly regarded Milton and Al- 

 gernon Sidney. He was a fellow of the royal, anti- 

 quarian, and other learned societies, and made many 

 valuable presents to the British museum. He 

 presented a handsome collection of English books to 

 the library at Berne, and also to Harvard college, 

 in New England, to which, in imitation of some 

 deceased members of his family, he was a most 

 liberal benefactor. In his own country, also, it was 

 one of his leading objects to disseminate tooks 

 favourable to popular principles of government, 

 editions of many of which he caused to be reprinted. 

 He died in 1774. He was very gentle and polite in 

 his manners, and seems to have united much of the 

 ancient stoic to the modern partisan of freedom and 

 general philanthropist. See Memoirs of Thomas 

 Hollis, by Thomas Brand Hollis, London, 1780. 



HOLLOW SQUARE, in the military art ; a body 

 of foot soldiers drawn up with an empty space in the 

 middle. 



HOLLY. The American holly (ilex opaca) is 

 widely diffused throughout the United States, ex- 

 tending from about lat. 42 to the gulf of Mexico, 

 and beyond the Mississippi to the border of the 

 desert plains which skirt the base of the Rocky 

 mountains. In many parts of this district, it is not 

 uncommon and adds to the beauty of the forest by 

 its red berries and brilliant evergreen foliage. It 



