788 



IIONORIUS HOOD. 



of Constantinople, were distinguished by the name 

 of emperors of the Eastern Roman empire. This 

 division of power proved fatal to both empires, and 

 they soon looked upon one another with indifference, 

 contempt, and jealousy. 



HONORIUS (popes of the name). 



HONORIPS I. was elected pope in 1526. lie favoured 

 tlie heresy of the Monothelites, which was condemned 

 by the sixth council of Constantinople. He died in 

 638. 



1 IONOR i -s II., elected pope in 1 124, was, at the time 

 of his election, bishop of Ostia. A part of the 

 bishops and cardinals had previously invested cardinal 

 Thibaut with that dignity ; but, both candidates 

 having resigned, Honorius was re-elected. He died 

 1130. 



HONORIUS III. was raised to the papal chair 1216, 

 on the death of Innocent III. Immediately on his 

 election, he wrote to the king of Jerusalem to assure 

 him of his support ; to the bishops of France, to en- 

 courage pilgrims ; and to the emperor of Constanti- 

 nople, to promise him assistance against the schis- 

 matics. John, king of England, had left to his 

 successor, Henry III., the burden of a war with the 

 French prince Louis, who laid claim to the English 

 throne, and had been encouraged in his pretensions 

 by Innocent. Honorius reconciled the barons with 

 Henry, and obliged Louis to renounce his pretensions. 

 The pope then turned his attention to the crusades, 

 and crowned Frederic II. emperor of Germany, on 

 condition that he would go to Palestine within two 

 years. In France, he instigated Philip Augustus and 

 Louis VIII. to support the war against the Albigen- 

 ses. He died in 1227, and was succeeded by 

 Gregory IX. 



HONORIUS IV. was elected pope in 1285. He sup- 

 ported the French king, Philip the Bold, in the war 

 against Peter of Arragon. He died in 1287. 



HONOUR, in law, is used especially for the 

 more noble sort of seigniories, on which other inferior 

 lordships or manors depend by performance of some 

 customs or services to those who are lords of them. 

 Before the statute 18 Edward I., the king's greater 

 barons, who had a large extent of territory holden 

 under the crown, frequently granted out smaller 

 manors to inferior persons, to be holden of themselves, 

 which therefore now continue to be held under 

 a superior lord, who is called, in such cases, the 

 lord paramount over all these manors ; and his seig- 

 niory is frequently termed an honour, not a manor, 

 especially if it has belonged to an ancient feudal 

 baron, or been, at any time, in the hands of the 

 crown. When the king grants an honour with ap- 

 purtenances, it is superior to a manor with appurte- 

 nances ; for to an honour, by common intendment, 

 appertain franchises, and, by reason of those liberties 

 and franchises, it is called an honour. 



HONOUR, COURTS OF. There is a court of hon- 

 our, over which the earl-marshal of England pre- 

 sides, which determines disputes concerning pre- 

 cedency and points of honour. 



HONOUR, LEGION OP. See Legion of Honour. 



HONOUR, MAIDS OF ; ladies in the service of 

 European queens, whose business it is to attend the 

 queen when she appears in public. In England, they 

 are six in number, with a salary of 300 each. 



HONOUR, POINT OF. See Duel. 



HONOURS OF WAR are stipulated terms which 

 are granted to a vanquished enemy, and by which he 

 is permitted to march out of a town, from a camp or 

 line of intrenchments, with all the insignia of mili- 

 tary etiquette. In another sense, they signify the 

 compliments which are paid to great personages, 

 military characters, when they appear before an 

 armed body of men, or such as are given to the re- 



mains of a deceased officer. The particular circum- 

 stances attending the latter depend greatly upon the 

 usages of different countries. 



HONTAN, baron de la ; a native of the province 

 of Gascony, in France, who served as a common 

 soldier in Canada, and afterwards as an officer. He 

 was sent to Newfoundland as king's lieutenant ; but, 

 in consequence of disputes with the governor, he was 

 disgraced, and retired first to Portugal, and then to 

 Denmark. His travels in North America (Amster- 

 dam, 1705, 2 vols. 12mo) afford some curious details 

 respecting the Indian tribes ; but the work is written 

 in a barbarous style, and its authenticity is very ques- 

 tionable. 



HONTHEIM, JOHANN NICOLAUS VON, descended 

 from an ancient and noble family in Treves, was born 

 in 1701, and educated by the Jesuits. He studied 

 law, became afterwards a clergyman, travelled to 

 Rome, and made himself acquainted with the policy 

 and abuses of the ecclesiastical government. On his 

 return, he was appointed, by the elector of Treves 

 counsellor of the consistorium, and, soon afterwards, 

 professor of the civil law. In 1748, he was made 

 suffragan of the archbishopric. Between 1750 and 

 1760, he wrote a history of Treves in Latin ; and, in 

 1763, under the assumed name of Justinus Febronius, 

 a bold work, which procured him much reputation, 

 On the Condition of the Church and the lawful Power 

 of the Pope. This was likewise in Latin. Thoug 

 he was an ardent Catholic, and dedicated the work 

 to the pope, yet the usurpations of the Romish see 

 are here attacked with so much boldness, that the 

 author was persecuted, and the work prohibited by 

 the court of Rome. He died in 1790, at Montquin- 

 tin, much esteemed for his piety and benevolence. 



HONTHORST, GERARD, a celebrated artist, called 

 also Gerard delle Notti, from his subjects, was born 

 at Utrecht, in 1592, and was a disciple of Abraham 

 Bloemart. He completed his studies at Rome, and 

 imitated the style of Caravaggio. His subjects are 

 generally night pieces, as large as life, and illumi- 

 nated by torch or candle light. Among his numer- 

 ous pictures, that of Jesus Christ before the Tribunal 

 of Pilate, in the Giustiniani gallery, is the most 

 celebrated. He visited London, and obtained the 

 favour of Charles I. by many able performances, and, 

 on his return to Holland, was much employed by the 

 prince of Orange. The pencil of Honthorst is free 

 and firm, and his colouring has a great deal of force, 

 although often unpleasing, from a predominancy of 

 brown and yellow tints ; with more grace and cor- 

 rectness in his figures, he would have been an excel' 

 lent painter. He died in 1660, aged sixty-eight. 

 William Honthorst, brother to the above, pain ted 

 portraits, which are highly esteemed. 



HOOD, ROBIN. The severity of the tyrann : cal 

 forest laws, introduced into England by the Norman 

 kings, and the great temptation to break them in the 

 case of persons living near the royal forests, at a 

 time when the yeomanry of the country were every 

 where trained to the use of the long-bow, and excel- 

 led all other nations in the art of shooting, must con- 

 stantly have occasioned great numbers of outlaws, 

 especially among the best marksmen. These natu- 

 rally fled to the woods for shelter, and, forming into 

 troops, endeavoured, by their numbers, to protect 

 themselves from the dreadful penalties of their delin- 

 quency. The ancient punishment for killing the 

 king's deer was, loss of eyes and castration a punish- 

 ment worse than death. This will account for the 

 troops of banditti which lurked in the royal for- 

 ests, and, from their superior skill in archery and 

 knowledge of all the recesses of those unfrequented 

 solitudes, found it no difficult matter to resist or elude 

 the civil power. Among all those, none was more 



